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Mantoux vaccination: a child's norm or a deviation?

The main method of examining children for tuberculosis is vaccine Mantoux. Norm in the child - not much swollen "button" of a red shade and a certain size.

What it is

This is the reaction of human immunity to the introduction of tuberculin. Inflammation of the injection site ("button" or papule) is measured by a ruler. So the intensity of the body's immune system is revealed to the tubercle bacillus. A similar examination is conducted by all healthy children. And already in the first year of his life. A controversial issue arises in the discussion of what should be the vaccination of Mantoux with the peculiarity of the child's organism. It was proved that a false negative reaction to the Mantoux test is a feature of the development of the immune system. In other words, up to six months the child reacts inappropriately to such manipulations. Nevertheless, today the first Mantoux vaccine is put in 1 year if a newborn child has been exposed to the BCG vaccine.

Papula and care for her

In the Mantoux reaction, the appearance of redness, the formation of a "button" (plaque), is considered the norm. This is a specific inflammation in response to tuberculin. You should adhere to some rules for the care of this skin area. In no case can the papule be treated with an antiseptic. Before it is examined by a medical professional, do not soak in water, avoid contact with a moist environment. With regard to "prudent" moms, who, in order to protect from contact with liquids, glue the "button" with adhesive tape: in no case can this be done, the skin under it will necessarily sweat! It should be ensured that the baby does not scratch the itchy plaque. It is possible the formation of a sore or abscess. After an effective examination they are processed by the most traditional methods.

If the Mantoux vaccine is done

The norm or rate at the child or is an occasion for trouble - how to understand? Wrong indicators give shortly before inoculation infectious diseases, a certain age, immunity to mycobacteria, and the presence of worms.
It is possible that a violation of the storage or transportation of the drug may provoke significant errors in tuberculin diagnostics. The coincidence of such factors is quite possible. And the positive reaction that Mantoux vaccine will show is the norm in a child with weakened immunity.
Behavior of the baby after the introduction of the reagent is very individual. The condition can range from general drowsiness to high fever and a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. It is important to understand that Mantoux is not put on one day with other vaccinations (either before or after, in a month).

Reading the results of a sample

Mantoux vaccine is put in at 1 year. After three days, the place of introduction of tuberculin is inspected. The skin in the test area is usually compacted. A rounded area can be felt by holding a finger on it. Its size depends on the amount of immune cells in the body that resist tubercle bacilli. The more of them, the larger the seal.
A transparent ruler makes a transverse measurement. Only the compaction is taken into account, without redness around. But in the absence of a "button", the data of the entire plot are recorded.

  • No compaction or reaction at 0-1 mm. This result is a negative reaction.
  • The indices from 2 to 4 mm inclusive with the manifested reddening is a questionable reaction.
  • Positive reaction - with a seal diameter of 5 mm or more.

It is necessary to take into account a variety of such a reaction:

- Slightly positive has a size of 5-10 mm;
- Strongly positive 11-16 mm;
- Hyperergic (size more than 17 mm).

It can be unequivocally said that after the Mantoux vaccine is given, the child's norm (negative reaction) will be revealed in the absence of the disease. Deviations from the norm require further examination of the baby.

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