HealthDiseases and Conditions

Lykvorodinamichesky brain disorders: signs, treatment

The most common complaint a doctor hears from his patients is a headache. Both adults and children complain about it. You can not ignore it. Especially if there are still other symptoms. Particular attention should be paid to parents for headaches in the child and the behavior of the baby, because he can not say what hurts. Perhaps it is the consequences of severe birth or congenital anomalies, which can be clarified at an early age. Maybe it's liquorodynamic disturbances. What is it, what are the characteristic signs of this disease in children and adults and how to treat, we will consider further.

What does the liquorodynamic disturbance mean?

Liquor is a cerebrospinal fluid that constantly circulates in the ventricles, the liquor-conducting pathways and in the subarachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord. Liquor plays an important role in the metabolic processes in the central nervous system, in supporting homeostasis in the brain tissues, and also creates a certain mechanical defense to the brain.

Liquorodynamic disturbances are conditions in which circulation of the CSF, its isolation and back absorption is disturbed. These processes are regulated by glands that are located in the vascular plexuses of the ventricles of the brain that produce the liquid.

In the normal state of the body, the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid and its pressure are stable.

What is the mechanism of violations

Consider how the cerebrovascular disorders can develop:

  1. The rate of production and isolation of cerebrospinal fluid by the plexus is increased.
  2. The rate of absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space is slowed down due to overlapping of the narrowing of the liquor-bearing vessels due to subarachnoid hemorrhages or inflammatory diseases of the cerebral membranes.
  3. The rate of CSF production decreases with a normal suction process.

The rate of absorption, production and excretion of cerebrospinal fluid affects:

  • On the state of cerebral hemodynamics.
  • Condition of the blood-brain barrier.

Inflammatory process in the brain increases its volume and increases intracranial pressure. As a result - a violation of blood circulation and blockage of blood vessels, which moves the cerebrospinal fluid. Due to the accumulation of fluid in the cavities, partial dying of the intracranial tissue may begin, and this will lead to the development of hydrocephalus.

Classification of violations

Liquorodynamic disorders are classified in the following areas:

  1. How does the pathological process proceed:
  • Chronic course.
  • Acute phase.

2. Stages of development:

  • Progressive. Intracranial pressure is increasing, and pathological processes are progressing.
  • Compensated. Intracranial pressure is stable, but the ventricles of the brain remain dilated.
  • Subcompensated. Greater danger of crises. Unstable state. Pressure can rise abruptly at any time.

3. In which cavity of the brain is the localized liquor:

  • Intraventricular. The fluid accumulates in the ventricular system of the brain due to the obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid system.
  • Subarachnoid. Likvorodinamicheskie violations of the external type can lead to destructive lesions of brain tissue.
  • Mixed.

4. Depending on the pressure of the liquor:

  • Hypertension. Characteristically high intracranial pressure. Disrupted the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Normotensive phase. Intracranial pressure is normal, but the ventricular cavity is enlarged. Typically, this condition is most often in childhood.
  • Hypotension. After surgery, excessive outflow of cerebrospinal fluid from the cavities of the ventricles.

Causes of congenital

There are congenital anomalies that can contribute to the development of liquorodynamic disorders:

  • Genetic disorders in the fetal development of the fetus.
  • Aging of the corpus callosum.
  • Dandy Walker Syndrome.
  • Syndrome Arnold-Chiari.
  • Encephalocele.
  • The stenosis of the aqueduct of the brain is primary or secondary.
  • Porencephalic cysts.

Causes acquired

Liquorodynamic disturbances can begin their development for the following reasons:

  • Injuries to the spinal cord and brain.
  • Various infectious diseases and parasitic infections that affect the nervous system.
  • Neoplasms inside the skull that overlap the cerebral pathways.
  • Thrombosis.
  • Intrauterine hypoxia in the first two days after birth.
  • Papillomas of the vascular plexus.

Symptoms of liquorodynamic disorders in adults

Likvorodinamichesky brain disorders in adults are accompanied by the following symptoms:

  • Severe headaches.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Fast fatiguability.
  • Horizontal involuntary movements of eyeballs.
  • Increased tone, stiffness of muscles.
  • Convulsions. Myoclonic seizures.
  • Violation of speech. Intellectual problems.

Symptomatic disorders in infants

Likvorodynamic disorders in children under one year have the following symptoms:

  • Frequent and plentiful regurgitation.
  • Unexpected crying for no apparent reason.
  • Slow overgrowing of the fontanel.
  • Monotonous crying.
  • The child is sluggish, sleepy.
  • The dream is broken.
  • Divergence of seams.

Over time, the disease progresses more and more, and signs of cerebrospinal fluid disturbances become more pronounced:

  • Tremor of the chin.
  • Jerking of limbs.
  • Involuntary flinches.
  • Disrupted life support functions.
  • Disturbances in the work of internal organs for no apparent reason.
  • Perhaps strabismus.

Visually, you can see a vascular network in the nose, neck, and chest. When you cry or strain the muscles, it becomes more pronounced.

Also the neurologist can note such signs:

  • Hemiplegia.
  • Hypertonus of extensor.
  • Meningeal signs.
  • Paralysis and paresis.
  • Paraplegia.
  • Symptom Gref.
  • Nystagmus horizontal.
  • Lag in psychomotor development.

You should visit the pediatrician on a regular basis. At the reception the doctor measures the volume of the head, and in the case of the development of pathology changes will be noticeable. So, there may be such deviations in the development of the skull:

  • The head grows quickly.
  • Has an unnaturally elongated shape.
  • Large and small fontanels swell and pulsate.
  • Stitches diverge due to high intracranial pressure.

All these are signs that the syndrome of liquorodynamic disturbances in the infants develops. Progression of hydrocephalus.

It should be noted that in infants it is difficult to determine liquorodynamic crises.

Signs of liquorodynamic disorders in children after the year

After the year the child has a skull formed. The Rodneys completely closed, and the stitches ossified. If there are liquorodynamic disorders in the child, there are signs of increased intracranial pressure.

There may be such complaints:

  • Headache.
  • Apathy.
  • Anxiety without reason.
  • Nausea.
  • Vomiting, after which there is no relief.

And also characterized by such signs:

  • Violated gait, speech.
  • There are violations in the coordination of movements.
  • The vision is falling.
  • Horizontal nystagmus.
  • In the neglected case, the "swinging head of a doll".

And also, if cerebrovascular dysfunction develops, such deviations will be noticeable:

  • The child talks badly.
  • Use the standard, learned phrases, not understanding their meaning.
  • Always in a good mood.
  • Delayed sexual development.
  • Develops a convulsive syndrome.
  • Obesity.
  • Disorders in the endocrine system.
  • Lag in the learning process.

Diagnosis of the disease in children

In children under one year of age, the diagnosis primarily begins with a questioning of the mother and collecting information about how pregnancy and childbirth passed. Further, complaints and observations of parents are taken into account. Then it is necessary to examine the child by such specialists:

  • Neurologist.
  • Ophthalmologist.

To clarify the diagnosis will need to pass the following studies:

  • Ultrasound.
  • CT scan.
  • MRI.
  • Neurosonography.

Diagnosis of the disease in adults

With headaches and the symptoms described above, you need to contact a neurologist. To clarify the diagnosis and the purpose of treatment, the following studies can be assigned:

  • Computer tomography.
  • Angiography.
  • Pneumoencephalography.
  • ECHO of the brain.
  • MRI.

If there is a suspicion of a syndrome of liquorodynamic disorders, they can prescribe a lumbar puncture with a change in cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

When diagnosed in adults, much attention is paid to the underlying disease.

Treatment of liquorodynamic disorders

The earlier the disease is identified, the more likely it is to restore the lost functions of the brain. The type of treatment is selected based on the presence of pathological changes in the course of the disease, as well as the patient's age.

In the presence of increased intracranial pressure, usually prescribed diuretics: Furosemide, Diacarb. Antibacterial agents are used in the treatment of infectious processes. Normalization of intracranial pressure and its treatment is the main task.

For the removal of edema and inflammatory processes, glucocorticoid drugs are used: "Prednisolone", "Dexamethasone".

To reduce the swelling of the brain, use drugs from the group of steroids. It is necessary to eliminate the cause that caused the disease.

As soon as liquorodynamic disturbances are detected, treatment should be prescribed immediately. After passing the complex therapy, positive results are noticeable. This is especially important during the development of the child. Speech is improving, progress in psychomotor development is noticeable.

Surgical treatment is also possible. It can be assigned in the following cases:

  • Drug treatment is ineffective.
  • Liquovodynamic crisis.
  • Occlusal hydrocephalus.

Surgical treatment is considered for each case of the disease separately, taking into account the age, features of the organism and the course of the disease. In most cases, surgery on the brain is avoided in order not to damage healthy brain tissue, and use complex medication.

It is known that if the syndrome of liquorodynamic disorders in a child is not treated, the mortality rate is 50% to 3 years, up to the adult age 20-30% of children survive. After surgery, mortality is 5-15% of sick children.

Mortality is increased due to untimely diagnosis.

Prevention of liquorodynamic disorders

Preventive measures include:

  • Observation of pregnancy in a woman's consultation. It is very important to register as early as possible.
  • Timely detection of intrauterine infections and their treatment.

On the 18-20th week, ultrasound shows the development of the fetal brain and the condition of the cerebrospinal fluid of the unborn child. At this time, the presence or absence of pathologies can be determined.

  • Correct choice of delivery.
  • Regular supervision at the pediatrist. Measurement of the circumference of the skull, if necessary, to conduct an examination of the fundus.
  • If the fontanel did not close in time, it is necessary to carry out neurosonography and consult a neurosurgeon.
  • Timely removal of neoplasms that stop liquor pathways.
  • Regular observation by the doctor and carrying out the necessary studies after the traumas of the brain and spinal cord.
  • Timely treatment of infectious diseases.
  • Prevention and therapy of chronic diseases.
  • Refuse to smoke and alcohol.
  • It is recommended to play sports, lead an active lifestyle.

Any disease is easier to prevent or take all measures to reduce the risk of developing pathology. If liquorodynamic disturbances are diagnosed, then the earlier the therapy is started, the greater the chances that the child will develop normally.

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