List of hidden infections in women. Analyzes for latent infections

Infectious pathologies do not always occur with pronounced symptoms. There is a whole group of diseases that for a long time do not make themselves felt. They are called "hidden infections". Most often these are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Despite their asymptomatic, they are quite dangerous. Therefore, one should know about their existence. To do this, let's look at a list of hidden infections in women. In addition, it is important to understand what research will help identify these diseases.

Characteristics of pathologies

Diseases included in the list of hidden infections in women are illnesses, the infection of which occurs during sexual intercourse. Sometimes such pathologies can be transmitted by the household way or from mother to baby (vertical).

Diseases are called hidden, because such pathologies are difficult to diagnose. They have a small list of manifestations. Most often they are completely asymptomatic. Expressed manifestations, as a rule, characterize the stage of complication.

These infections are almost impossible to diagnose with routine examinations, such as bacterial culture or smear. For their detection, special medical research is needed. Below we will consider what and why it is necessary to hand over to hidden infections.

The course of the disease can be aggravated by various factors:

• Adverse environmental conditions;
• Malnutrition;
• Reduced immunity;
• Stress.

List of hidden infections in women

The list of STDs contains 31 causative agents:

• Viruses,
• Mushrooms,
• Bacteria,
• Ectoparasites.

The most famous pathologies are herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea. To less known diseases carry: a ureaplasmosis, a mycoplasmosis, a virus of a papilloma of the person, gardnerellosis, a clamidiosis.

So, the main list of hidden infections:

• Gardnerelles;
• Ureaplasmas;
• Herpes viruses;
• Chlamydia;
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV);
• Candida fungi;
• Human, urogenital mycoplasmas.

General symptoms

Most pathologies do not show themselves at all in the early stages. Therefore, patients resort to medical care only during the progression or exacerbation of the disease.

It is very important to suspect the development of the disease in a timely manner. To do this, you need to know what are the latent infections in women and their symptoms.

The primary signs of the development of pathology are:

1. In the genital area there is a feeling of itching, burning.
2. During or after an intimate relationship, there is a feeling of discomfort, sometimes even pain.
3. There are discharges that have an uncharacteristic color, a specific consistence and an unpleasant odor.
4. On the genitals may develop a rash.
5. The process of urination is accompanied by discomfort, pain. There are frequent desires to go to the toilet.

If you have at least one of these symptoms, you must always see a doctor and get an appointment.

To deferred, more complex, manifestations include such signs:

1. Menstrual cycle is broken.
2. A woman can not bear a child.
3. Infertility.
4. Discomfort and painful sensations appear in the small pelvis.

It should be understood that each latent infection is characterized by a specific set of symptoms, peculiarities of the course. In addition, they can lead to a variety of serious complications, covering not only the genitourinary system, but also many other organs.

Herpes virus

This is a rather unpleasant pathology, from which it is impossible to completely cure. It is provoked by various types of viruses that are in the body of all people, even completely healthy. In the case of certain factors, for example, a sharp decrease in immunity, pathology begins to develop rapidly.

Symptoms of hidden infections in women and men are quite similar.

Herpes is indicated by such signs:

• Pain, itching in the genital area;
• Rashes on the skin and mucous membranes (this is a bubble rash);
• Presence of mucous secretions;
• May increase body temperature;
• After bursting of vesicles scabs are formed, provoking severe pain.

The disease can lead to quite unpleasant complications:

• Meningitis;
• Conjunctivitis;
• Keratitis;
• Encephalitis;
• Defeat of the central nervous system.

Human papillomavirus

This infection leads to the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of various formations: warts, condylomas. Pathology is characterized by a prolonged course without pronounced symptoms. Exacerbation of the disease occurs against a background of decreased immunity.

Most often, HPV is found during examinations during pregnancy or during research to detect cancer.

A woman can suspect the development of ailment on the following grounds:

• Genital warts, warts appear on the lips, in the mouth, on the genitals;
• Erosion of the cervix is diagnosed.

If you do not take timely treatment, HPV can lead to various types of malignant tumors.

Candidiasis (thrush)

Continuing to consider the list of hidden infections in women, we should stop on this ailment. This is a fairly common pathology.

The disease is provoked by yeast-like fungi belonging to the genus Candida. They, in a small amount, are always in the vagina. When this fungus multiplies, a woman develops a vaginal candidiasis.

It is characterized by such symptoms:

• White discharge, cheesy consistency;
• Urination and sexual intercourse cause painful sensations;
• In the genital area there is itching, burning.

Doctors believe that the ailment does not lead to serious consequences. However, it still requires proper treatment.

Mycoplasmosis

This disease does not manifest a pronounced symptomatology. Pathology causes microorganisms mycoplasma hominis and genitalia. Such species parasitize the urogenital system.

Sometimes mycoplasmosis makes itself felt by clear secretions or painful discomfort during intimate contact or urination. Pathology is quite dangerous for its complications.

It can lead to:

• Diseases of appendages, vagina, uterus, urethra;
• The violation of placenta development, miscarriage of the fetus, polyhydramnios;
• Infertility.

Diagnosis of diseases

Of course, you should understand that the listed pathologies are not limited (if we consider hidden infections) list.

Analyzes in women and men can diagnose a variety of types of diseases. And they, as you saw, a lot.

So, for the diagnosis of hidden infections, the following tests are prescribed:

1. General smear. A study of a scraping taken from the genital organs is carried out at the cellular level.
2. Immunoenzyme analysis (ELISA). This study, involving the identification of an immunological response to certain pathogens that are in the biological material taken from the patient. The analysis is characterized by a high level of sensitivity. But in the course of the investigation, it is not the pathogen itself that is detected, but the reaction to it.
3. Bacteriological sowing (LHC). It shows the microflora and allows you to determine the sensitivity of this type of infection to antibacterial drugs. In a favorable environment, the infection is rapidly developing. A few days later, a systemic culture is formed. It is in this form can determine its sensitivity to drugs.
4. Polymer Chain Reaction (PCR). This analysis determines the DNA and RNA of the pathogen itself. To do this, various biological materials are examined. The analysis gives a description of the pathogen that provoked the development of a latent infection, determines the duration of the disease and quantifies the ailment.
5. The reaction of immunofluorescence (RIF). In the course of this study, the biological material is susceptible to various coloring reagents. This allows for a more detailed study of the infection at the cellular level.

Cost of tests

A wonderful half worries a lot of questions, if it's about hidden infections in women: a list, the cost of analysis, how to prepare for them and where to take them.

Before considering the answers to exciting topics, it is important to remember the following. Each woman, in order to rule out the risk of developing hidden infections, should annually pass a bacterial smear. You can conduct a study in any clinic specializing in this area.

And now we will consider, how many there are analyzes for the latent infections at women.

The list of studies that are most often offered in clinics:

1. Urogenital smear - on average costs 300 rubles.
2. Cytological study - about 700 rubles.
3. Diagnosis for the presence of Papillomavirusa - will cost 700 rubles.
4. Histological examination - costs 1590 rubles.

Preparation for the delivery of tests

For the diagnosis to be carried out as precisely as possible, it is recommended that a woman is properly prepared for her.

For this, a number of important rules should be observed:

1. Bacterial material should be taken on the 5th or 6th day from the beginning of the menstrual cycle.
2. 2 weeks before the research should stop taking the following medicines: antibiotics, antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs.
3. A few days before the test is recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse.
4. 24 hours before the diagnosis should not use local contraceptives, means for intimate hygiene, antiseptics. In addition, douching is not recommended during this period.

Investigations for hidden infections are assigned to all couples who plan to give birth to a baby. Especially important is the diagnosis for those men and women who have not been able to get an heir for a long time. After all, neglected infections very often lead to infertility. So do not forget about the need for an annual test.