Levels of organization of living

In the world that surrounds us, we can identify several different interrelated biological levels that are subordinate to a single hierarchy. Depending on their complexity, eight levels of structural organization of wildlife are distinguished.

The first on the list is molecular. It is with him that the levels of organization of the living begin. The object of research at this level are the molecules of proteins, carbohydrates, fats. It also includes molecules of lipids, nucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids and other macromolecules, of which any living cell consists. It is at the molecular level that the vital processes of even the most complex organism begin: the transformation of energy, the transfer of hereditary traits, the metabolism and so on.

Continues the levels of organization of a living cellular level. As you know, a cell is a structural and functional unit, outside of which there is no life, development and reproduction. It is the unit of development of all living beings, both unicellular and multicellular.

The levels of organization of the living continue with the tissue level. Fabric - a set of intercellular substance and cells that combines a similar origin and performed function. According to one of the classifications, six types of tissues are distinguished in plant organisms and four in animals. In plant it is: educational, integumentary, mechanical, excretory, conductive and basic tissue. Animals distinguish epithelial, muscular, nervous and connective, each of which has certain properties and performs distinctive functions. For example, the nervous tissue carries out the connection of organs, tissues and systems of the body, and also regulates them. With its help, it receives signals from the outside world, reception and their transmission to nerve endings.

The levels of the structural organization of living nature include the organ level. An organ is understood to be a part of a multicellular organism that has a certain form and performs a function. This functional unit is most often formed by several types of tissue, of which one predominates. In addition, the body can only be considered a separate part of the other functional units. For example, human organs are: pituitary gland, stomach, intestine, uterus, adrenal glands, liver, heart, etc.

The levels of organization of living organisms continue, which in turn are divided into unicellular and multicellular. The simplest single-celled organism, as already becomes clear from the name, consists of a single cell, and the multicellular organism is formed by a combination of tissues and organs.

The next level is population-specific. By population is understood the totality of individuals or organisms similar in structure, living in a certain territory, not isolated from other areas, between which it is possible to cross. On the planet to date, recorded more than 1.5 million species of animals and about 500 thousand species of plants.

In the penultimate place is the biogeocoenotic level. Under the biogeocoenosis, the historically formed set of various species that interact with the environment surrounding them subside. At this level, a cycle of substances and energy is carried out, in fact it is a self-regulating stable ecosystem.

The system completes the biosphere level of organization of life. It on a global scale unites various biogeocenoses. In the biosphere, all the cycles of energy and substances in the world occur, related to the vital activity of all organisms that live on the planet.

Despite the fact that the levels of organization of the living are divided into eight parts, they are all interconnected. At the same time, each level has its own characteristics, patterns and methods of investigation.