Intracranial pressure, symptoms, treatment of hypertension

Intracranial pressure is the pressure of the fluid located in the ventricles of the brain - the cerebrospinal fluid. The human brain is surrounded on all sides by this fluid, which protects it from various traumatic injuries. Intracranial pressure, symptoms, treatment can be determined only by a doctor with the help of special measurements. The norm of ICP is different for each age, in an adult it can vary in the range from 3 to 15, the child - from 3 to 7, and in a newborn - from 1.5 to 6 millimeters of mercury.

The cause of headache, impaired clarity of consciousness, impaired vision, nausea and vomiting may be increased intracranial pressure. Symptoms and treatment are reliably established only on the basis of a special invasive procedure that measures the pressure of the liquor by means of special pressure sensors.

In modern medicine, there are three main methods for measuring ICP: subdural, epidural, and pressure measurement using an intra -verticular catheter, considered to be the most accurate. The essence of this procedure is that an intraverticular catheter is inserted into the lateral ventricle of the brain through the trephine opening in the skull. Thus, you can not only measure, but also reduce ICP by pumping out excess fluid. Subdural measurement is used only in case of urgent need to determine intracranial pressure, symptoms, treatment. It consists in installing the subdural screw in the trepanation hole of the skull. Epidural definition of ICP is the least invasive, it consists in introducing an epidural sensor through the trephine hole between the hard shell of the brain and the skull. All methods of ICP measurement are performed under general or local anesthesia.

Liquor is completely renewed 7 times a day, and when for various reasons its amount exceeds the norm, it begins to put pressure on the brain, causing hypertension, which causes headaches, increased heart rate, nausea, vomiting, decreased vision and even fainting. Increased intracranial pressure, symptoms, treatment should be associated with the presence of other diseases. These can be injuries, bruises, concussions, poisoning, encephalitis, meningitis, hypoxia, brain tumors and impaired blood supply. ICP can also be decreased, due to the expiration of cerebrospinal fluid, tumor diseases and narrowing of the cerebral artery. The main symptoms of this condition include drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, irritability and headaches that increase in sitting position.

Hypertension of newborns is quite a frequent occurrence, in determining which it is very important to correctly determine the causes of the outflow of liquor. Increased intracranial pressure in infants has the same symptoms as in an adult, but they can not tell about it yet, they are constantly capricious, sleep and regurgitate badly. In addition, there may be jitter in the chin and limbs, as well as involuntary eye movements. Most often this is due to fetal hypoxia during the period of intrauterine ripening, due to maternal toxicosis, trauma during childbirth in the cervical spine and congenital anomalies of the brain. Increased intracranial pressure in a newborn can also have symptoms in the protrusion of the fontanel, eye roll, rapid head growth and the development of strabismus. ICP in infants is measured by ultrasound of the brain, echoencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Treatment of increased ICP in newborns is the appointment of diuretics, sedatives, vitamins and drugs that improve blood circulation. It is absolutely necessary to treat a child, increased ICP may adversely affect its further development.