Indonesia In Xvi V.

In the XVI century. There were three main centers of the Indonesian world: the West-Indonesian, represented by the Muslim principalities of Sumatra and the Malacca Peninsula; Javanese, represented by the Majapahit empire and the succeeding Islamic state of Mataram (Later Mataram), a group of sultanates in Java and its dependent territories to the north and east of Java; East Indonesia, represented by the Philippines, whose peoples since the XVI century. Developed in specific and very difficult conditions of early colonial dependence.Indonesia in the XVI century ....

It seems that the socio-economic prerequisite for the collapse of empires and the formation of monoethnic states among the main ethno-cultural groups in the region should be considered the growth of productive forces, which was faster in previously lagging regions. The share of territories on which the class society has established itself has grown dramatically. The compatibility of men and women of different peoples of Asia led to cultural development. This reduced the differences in the level of development between the main agricultural regions of South-East Asia, and weakened the role of traditions formed in isolated "nuclei" of the states of the previous stage.

The new religions that spread after the ideological crisis of the 13th-14th centuries were, as state ones, typical only for the countries of South-East Asia (Theravada Buddhism and Islam with the predominance of the Shafi'i Mashhab). At that time, there was practically no wars with the Southeast neighbors, except for the major war of the Chinese Ming empire with the Vietnamese state (1407-1427), lost by China, which for a long time ceased its aggressive military policy in Southeast Asia.

The growth of labor productivity in agriculture, caused by the use of new tools and agrotechnical techniques, new plant and animal species, created prerequisites for the work of the agricultural cycle by one family, sharply reduced the need for community mutual assistance.

The growth of state irrigation systems covering most of the most convenient land for rice cultivation has strengthened and developed a direct, close to personal, link with the state of peasants, whose communal institutions have sharply weakened. Compatibility of different peoples of Asia led to cultural development. This connection became more and more as the population grew and led in these centuries to a gradual decrease in the social status of the free peasant, the transformation of the peasant personally paying him rent, and the state a tax, into a noticeable Figure in the village, in some cases - the main unit of the exploited population.

Indonesia in the XVI century.