How to recognize the connection in the sentence adjunction?

Let's look at this type of connection, as an adjunction, and determine how it differs from other subordinate relations between words in the sentence.

In the school curriculum, contiguity is defined as a combination of words, in which it is expressed not grammatically (change in gender, case, number) but only lexically (semantic submission), word order or intonation: work, start singing, go right, .

Connection contiguity is characteristic for the unchanged parts of speech: the infinitive ( decide to help ), adverbs ( act randomly ), gerunds ( sit bent ) and immutable adjectives (type: more, faster) . In these cases, depending on the meaning of the main word and on the relations expressed by it, the connection can be both strong and weak.

With a strong connection, the main word has such lexical-grammatical properties that the subordinate becomes irreplaceable, for example: to quit learning, to finish cooking, to rush after , etc. In other cases, the dependent word can be omitted: I sang joyfully - I sang . With parts of speech such as gerundive and adverb, usually a weak connection Adherence (examples: to trade in bulk, eat dry, go faster).

If there are two unchangeable words in the sentence, the main thing will be that which can be used without the dependent, without violating the basic meaning of what has been said. For example: To see this was offensive to the pain. Here it is insulting - this is the main word, painfully dependent - because you can say: " It was insulting to see it, " but you can not say: " It was painful to see it."

This connection is determined by intonation and the order of words. For comparison: He has to keep his weapons ready. He must have his weapons ready. He must keep his weapons ready. Also, it often depends on the presence in the sentence of only one word, to which the subordinate may belong: You've been having fun these days.

There is an opinion that the type of connection contiguity is also characteristic for nouns in indirect cases, when they express different circumstances of the situation described: a picture from the wall, vegetables from the garden, a house near the river, a path from the station, sleep before lunch , etc. . Such case forms can come into contact with words of different categories, without redefinition and not being controlled by the main word: the person behind the console, sit at the console.

How to determine what type of connection between words?

To determine what type of subordination is in front of us, it is necessary to reason as follows: is it possible to replace the dependent part in a given combination of words? For example, how to regard such a design: work with interruptions - how to manage (cf .: work with friends ) or as an adjunct ( work badly )? In the above construction - connection contiguity, because in such cases it is not required a certain case form, but only the existence of a circumstance expressing the mode of action in any way is supposed: to work with interruptions - to work badly, with difficulty, sluggishly.

Remembering all of the above, you can easily identify the connection contiguity. And the term itself is quite transparent: the dependent word adjoins, that is, explains, supplements the main thing. And it, in turn, does not require submission in the gender, number and case.