Present perfect: examples of sentences. How the present perfect is formed

English has long been a language of international communication, although so many people do not own it. This is especially true of residents of our country. It seems that this language is taught in school, they want to make one of the compulsory subjects when passing the USE, but still it is a great difficulty for many.

Many people say that in this language is a difficult grammar. Too complicated to learn English. Present Perfect, for example, in general is very difficult even to understand. In fact, everything is much easier than many people think. Let's try to figure out what kind of "beast" is Present Perfect.

What is Present Perfect

For a Russian person, this temporary form is unusual in that it simply does not exist in its native language. This time is something between the past and the present. On the one hand, the action has already taken place, and on the other hand - there is always a connection with the present, in the form of the result of the performed action.

When you need to say exactly such proposals in English, Present Perfect is exactly the time that you need to use. In addition, there is another hint for us how to use this time. You need to refer to the verbs in perfect form. After all, "perfect" is exactly what is translated - "perfect." So, is there a difference between words - did and did, drew and drew, cooked and cooked? That's right, the second pairs of words are in perfect shape, so when it becomes necessary to use words in this form, we will need this, such an important time.

How to Create Present Perfect

As a rule, in all grammar guides there is given a laconic formula: to have + V3. Those who see these not entirely understandable notations for the first time may have difficulty in starting something with them. In fact, there is nothing complicated.

The verb to have is an auxiliary verb that for pronouns he, she, it changes to has. As for the mysterious designation V3, here too there is nothing complicated. It is only a third form of the verb or the past participle. If the verb is incorrect, then this participle can be found in the third column, and if it is correct, then in this case, you just need to add the ending -ed to it. So, in order to successfully apply this time in your speech, you need to keep in mind the form of construction and, of course, do not forget the wrong verbs! To do this, you must first learn them, so as not to stammer, remembering them.

The use of time

So, when we have already sorted out how Present Perfect is formed, it's time to move on to situations where this time is being used.

• Experience or situation that has already been in life. Time that is ideal for such seemingly difficult moments of speech - it is the Present Perfect. Examples of suggestions are: I have already seen this film - I've already seen this movie. We have met before. We met before.
• Achievements of one person or group of people. When it is necessary to select an action in speech that results in a visible or tangible result, Present Perfect is always used. Examples of proposals with an emphasis on achievements: We have already done all this difficult work. We have already done all this difficult work. The engineers have already designed the project.
• Various changes that occur over a period of time. If the moment when the changes begin, it appears, it begins with the word since - since. Examples: Since we met last time, you have changed a lot - Since you last met, you've changed a lot. The situation has become worse since they stopped working - The situation has become worse since they stopped working.
• Any situation where there is a tangible result after the action has passed. Wherever there is a sense of satisfaction from the performed action, like the performed action itself, you need to use Present Perfect. Examples of offers: I have just cooked the dinner - I just cooked dinner. The boy did his homework.

Than Present Perfect differs from Past Simple

Learning to distinguish between simple past tense and present complete is a big problem for beginners to learn English. In fact, there is not much difficulty in this, and it is enough to practice only after understanding the grammar in theory. So, the differences are:

• Past simple or simple past tense has no connection to the present. All events occurred at some point in the past, and the exact designation of the time when this event occurred is usually figured.
• There are specific keywords that will immediately point to a particular time. For example, for the past tense, these words are the following: yesterday, yesterday, ago, last is the last, exact date designation in the past. As for the second time, the words are: just - just-that, already - already, yet - more, since - since.
• Also at one time or another indicates what kind of verb is: in a modern form or not. If the species is imperfect, then this is a simple past time, if not, then the present is perfect.

The present perfect continuation

It turns out that there is also an absolutely unusual mixture of continued and perfect time. How rich is English! Present Perfect Continuous is the name of this time. It is unusual in that it combines two times.

This time is used for those actions that started at some point in the past, lasted for a while and by now there is a certain result.

In order to build this time, you need to clearly know how to build the continued time and completed. And the formula is: to have + been + Ving. That is, the obligatory presence of the auxiliary verb have, which for the third person of the singular turns into a has, the verb was and the verb meaning with the ending -ing, indicates the present extended total time.

A few examples of using this time:

I have been waiting for you for a long time.

She has been looking for a job for three months.

Both of these examples show actions that began in the past, then continued to the present day and had a result. In the first case, the result is a person waiting for a long time, and in the second - a person who is still unemployed.

Conclusion

Despite the complexity of using these two times for us, Russian speakers who have only one past, present and future time in their native language, it is not difficult to understand and start using them. It is only necessary that they "lie back", which requires a certain amount of time. It is during this period that a full understanding of what the Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect will come. Examples of proposals that need to be passed through yourself, as much as possible, carefully analyzing each of them, will help to understand the meaning of these times more clearly.

It will pass very little, and you, without hesitation, will use these, once incomprehensible times in speech with ease!