Ancient Greece will always be interested in humanity. Each archaeological find, relating to those distant times, immediately attracts everyone's attention. And this is not surprising, because thanks to this civilization we have so much unique knowledge in all spheres of life. Mathematics, physics, astronomy, architecture, literature, medicine and many other things received a powerful development in Greek society, which helped all mankind in later ages.
The ancient Greeks sought to always seek the ideal. In their culture, beauty and harmony were sung. Extremely important are the achievements of the Greeks in architecture. Their desire to subordinate everything to the correct mathematical order is perfectly traced in the complete harmony of architecture. With the beginning of the use of stone as the main building material, new trends in architecture began to appear. The first stone churches inherited the traditions of the previous wooden structures of a sacred character. However, over time, more and more differences became. So the Doric order appeared. Narrowing to the top of the column was installed directly on the stone platform (stylobate), it had no base, the column capital consisted of a round plate - echinas and square - abaca. Above it horizontally laid wide rectangular beams - architrave. In the Doric order, the capital of the column was not decorated with decorative decoration. A wonderful example of this order is the Parthenon, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, located in the Athens Acropolis. It was built according to all the canons of the Doric order. He still impresses with his perfectly calculated proportions and restrained proud beauty.
During the war between Athens and Sparta in Greek architecture, an ionic order was established. He got his name because of what came about in Ionia. This order is distinguished by elegant light proportions and decorative design, it is characterized by decoration on the capitals of columns in the form of twin spiral ornaments. In this style, the temple of Nike Ateros and Erechtheion was built. They are also located in the Athens Acropolis. In comparison with the severity of the Doric architectural warrant, Ionic strikes the eye almost feminine elegance. A remarkable example is the famous portico of caryatids in the Erechtheum. Using statues of girls instead of columns enhances the impression of lightness and surprises with its magical beauty. Also, the innovation was the decoration of the abacus (this is the top slab of the capitals of the column) with a beautiful variety of carvings.
In the era of Hellenism, the Corinthian order became popular , its characteristic feature was the magnificently decorated column capitol. She was made in the form of a beautifully curling acanthus leaf. The use of the Corinthian order in the interiors of the ancient Greek churches further increased the significance and sacred beauty of the places where the statues of the gods were erected. The surprisingly high capital of the column created an impression of elevation and ease of architectural proportions in the premises.
Further Doric, Ionic and Corinthian architectural orders underwent changes in canonical proportions, acquired greater or lesser simplicity and ease, but they never lost the laws of symmetry admired by their creators, and now we too.