GNI is ... Types of higher nervous activity

All organisms are born with innate reactions that help them survive. Unconditioned reflexes differ in their constancy, one and the same stimulus can be observed the same response.

But the surrounding world is constantly changing, and the body is forced to adapt to new conditions, and here only innate reflexes can not cope. Higher departments of the brain are involved in the work, which ensure a normal existence and adaptation to the constantly changing environmental conditions.

Higher nervous activity

GNI is the work of all subcortical formations and cortex of the cerebral hemispheres. This is a fairly broad concept, which includes:

• Mental activity.
• Features of behavior.

Each person has his own distinctive behavior, views and beliefs, habits that are formed throughout his life. At the heart of all these features lies the system of conditioned reflexes, they are formed under the influence of the environment and hereditary characteristics of the nervous system.

For a long time he worked on PNV Pavlov, he developed an objective method of studying the work of the higher departments of the nervous system. Also during his studies, he studied the mechanisms underlying the work of higher structures of the nervous system and proved experimentally that these are conditioned reflexes.

Properties of IRR

The main features of the nervous system are inherited by humans. The properties of GNI include:

1. The power of nervous processes.
2. Equilibrium.
3. Mobility.

The most important is the first property, it is characterized by the ability of the nervous system to withstand the long-term effects of stimulating factors.

It is possible to give an example: in airplanes, a loud noise during a flight, for an adult it is not a strong stimulus, but in children who have still weak nervous processes, it can cause transcendental inhibition.

All people can be referred to two categories: the first has a strong nervous system, and the second - a weak one. In individuals with a strong type, the nervous system can be balanced and unbalanced.

Equilibrium is characterized by a high rate of elaboration of conditioned reflexes.

This property, like mobility, depends on how fast the processes of inhibition and excitation are interchanging. People who easily switch from one activity to another have a mobile nervous system.

Types of IRR

Mental processes and behavioral reactions in each person have their own individual characteristics. The combination of strength, mobility and poise determines the type of GNI. They are distinguished by several:

1. Strong, agile and balanced.
2. Strong and unbalanced.
3. Strong, balanced, inert.
4. Weak type.

GNI is also functions related to speech, so a person is identified with types that are unique to him, and they are related to the interaction of the first and second signaling systems:

1. Thoughtful. The second signaling system comes to the fore. Such people have well developed abstract thinking.
2. Artistic type. The first signal system is clearly manifested.
3. Average. Both systems are balanced.

The physiology of GNI is such that hereditary features of the course of mental processes can undergo changes under the influence of upbringing, this is due to the fact that there is such a quality as plasticity.

Sanguine

Still Hippocrates divided people into different categories, having their own temperament. Features of GNI just determine the people's belonging to this or that type.

A strong nervous system with moving processes is characteristic of sanguine people. All the reflexes of these people are formed quickly, the speech is loud and clear. They say such people expressively, with the use of gestures, but without unnecessary facial expressions.

The extinction and restoration of conditioned connections occurs easily and quickly. If the child has such a temperament, then he has good abilities, well yields to education.

Choleric

In such people, excitation processes predominate over inhibition. Conditional reflexes are produced with great ease, but their inhibition, on the contrary, occurs with difficulty. Choleric people are always mobile, can not long concentrate on one thing.

GNI is behavior, and in people with this temperament it often requires a hard correction, especially in children. In childhood, choleric persons can behave aggressively and defiantly, this is due to high excitability and weak inhibition of nervous processes.

Phlegmatic person

GNI of a person with a strong and balanced nervous system, but a slow switch between mental processes is referred to phlegmatic temperament.

Reflexes are formed, but much slower. Such people are talking slowly, speech is measured and calm, without any facial expressions and gestures. The child's GNI with such a temperament has such characteristics that make such children plodding, disciplined. They perform all tasks in good faith, but slowly.

It is very important for parents and teachers to know this feature and take it into account during classes and communication.

Melancholic

Types of GNI differ in their properties and features of the functioning of the nervous system. If it is weak, then we can talk about melancholic temperament.

Such people with great difficulty endure the effect of strong stimuli, they begin with the opposite inhibition in response. It is very difficult for melancholy to get used to a new collective, especially for children. All reflexes are formed slowly, after repeated combination with an unconditioned stimulus.

Movement, speech of such people are slow, measured. As a rule, they do not make unnecessary movements. If you look at the child with such a temperament, then you can say that he is constantly afraid of something, he can never stand up for himself.

Distinctive features of higher human nervous activity

The physiology of GNI is such that, in the presence of any temperament in a person, it is possible to develop and educate all those qualities and properties of personality that are simply necessary in society.

In each temperament, you can note both their positive qualities, and negative. It is very important in the process of education not to give rise to undesirable properties of personality.

For a person is characterized by the presence of a second signal system, and this significantly complicates his behavior and mental processes.

Features can also include:

1. GNI is a conditioned reflex activity that is acquired during life. If compared with animals, it is much richer and more diverse. This is due to the fact that a large number of temporary connections are formed, and between them a complex relationship.
2. A high degree of development of rational activity, which manifests itself in the form of thinking.
3. Awareness of the internal processes of life.
4. People with GNI have a social nature. Any stimulus is socially refracted, therefore all adaptive activity has complex forms.
5. The presence of speech in people gives them the opportunity to think abstractly, and this leaves its imprint on the behavior and activities of man.

Varieties of GNI in humans are of great practical importance, it can be characterized as follows:

• It has already been scientifically proven that most of the CNS diseases are directly related to the peculiarities of the course of the nervous processes. For example, potential clients of the neurosis clinic can be considered people with a weak type.
• For many diseases, the characteristic of GNI also leaves its imprint. If the nervous system is strong, then the disease is transferred easier, and recovery comes faster.
• The impact of drugs on the body to some extent depends on the individual characteristics of GNI. This can and should be taken into account when prescribing treatment.

People's behavior is most often determined not by the temperament, but by the conditions of their life in society, the relationship with reality. The features of mental processes may have their imprint, but they are not determinative.

The type of nervous activity should not be discounted, but it must be remembered that temperament has a subordinate value and is only a prerequisite for the development of important personal qualities.