HealthPreparations

Glutamic acid: a biological role, use in medicine and sports

The main monoamino- dicarboxylic acids are glutamic and aspartic acids. The latter was first isolated in 1868 from vegetable proteins. This substance is synthesized in the human body, is a structural component of many proteins of plant and animal origin, is used in the process of biosynthesis of nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids and urea, transamination of amino acids, etc.

Glutamic acid was first isolated in 1966 from the hydrolyzate of wheat gluten. A significant amount of this amino acid is found in globulins and albumins of the blood. Glutamic acid is involved in decarboxylation, transamination and deamination of amino acids. In the process of biochemical reactions with this substance, a tripeptide (glutathione) and a mediator of the nervous system (dinamino-butyric acid) are formed. Glutamic acid is becoming more popular these days. It is available in the form of food additives, medicines, is a component of mixtures for sports nutrition.

The biological role of glutamate is associated with the integration of nitrogen metabolism, the synthesis of other amino acids, the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, and the neutralization of ammonia. Also this bio-compound takes an active part in the formation of vitamin B, enzymes of the class of oxidoreductases, nucleotides, in the synthesis of cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate acid), HMF (guanosine monophosphate acid), exhibits a neurotransmitter function. Glutamic acid can increase the permeability of myocytes to potassium ions. To date, it has been proved that arginine and histidine can be synthesized from glutamate. The latter actively participates in metabolic reactions (synthesis of dipeptides of anserine, carnosine). Carnosine is an antioxidant that helps stabilize the biomembranes of muscle fibers. Anserin manifests a similar action. In addition, histidine activates the motor activity of the intestine, optimizes the functional activity of the liver, increases gastric secretion, which has a beneficial effect on the digestive capacity of the digestive canal.

During the addition of the ammonia molecule to glutamic acid, glutamine is formed. Thus, there is a detoxification of ammonia in the body. Glutamic acid in sports is used to relieve fatigue. Large doses of this drug can cope with muscle fatigue due to more complete utilization of lactate and ammonia detoxification. Glutamate has an anabolic effect in relation to the gastrointestinal canal and skeletal muscles. Glucose and glutamate are used by the brain as an energy source.

Since the sodium salt of glutamic acid has a taste of meat, this biocompound is often used as a food additive. Currently, sodium glutamate is added to food (in sausage, sauces, broth cubes, chips, crackers, etc.) in virtually all countries of the world.

Glutamic Acid: Instruction

Said pharmacological agent is available in the form of tablets (25 mg). Previously, the drug was prescribed for severe intoxication, the daily dose did not exceed 10 grams. For today, the dosage has increased to 25 g per day. In sports medicine, the dose of the drug is even higher (from 30 to 100 g / day). The drug is low-toxic, sometimes there is a side effect in the form of allergic reactions, increased excitability, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dizziness. Highly qualified athletes of the international class, along with proteins, consume more than 120 grams of glutamic acid per day. However, the instructions indicate that the optimal daily dose should not exceed 4 g.

The drug is prescribed for the treatment of epilepsy, schizophrenia, various psychoses, with depression, insomnia, myopathies, cerebral palsy , etc.

Contraindications to the appointment of glutamic acid: liver disease, febrile cider, hypersensitivity, leukopenia, anemia, increased excitability, stomach ulcer, nephrotic syndrome.

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