DTP vaccine: transcript, effects and reviews

When a young child appears in the family, young parents are already getting off their feet: how to feed, how to dress, what to do, if they suddenly fall ill ... And then, less than three months from the moment of birth, pediatricians are being vaccinated for DTP (abbreviation - adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus). After reading about the negative consequences, mothers grab at the head. Let's try together to figure out what's more terrible: to put an inoculation or leave a child vulnerable to formidable diseases?

What is a DTP vaccine?

At the age of up to six months, the child's own immunity forms, which, of course, is facilitated by breastfeeding. Therefore, it is during this period that DTPs are included in the vaccination schedule. Decoding suggests that in Its composition contains the killed cells of the causative agents of all three diseases. It is necessary that the baby's body gets acquainted with dangerous cells, and the immune system develops antibodies.

This is how "cellular memory" is formed: after encountering such a pathogen in the future, the system will remember the virus. Ready antibodies will instantly start to be produced, which will help to quickly cope with the disease. Pathogens of whooping cough cause the most violent reaction of the body (temperature, edema), so the weakened babies are offered a vaccine analogue - ADS (adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus).

How dangerous are these diseases

This is quite an insidious infection, and especially severe are their consequences. Let's consider them separately:

1. Pertussis . It is easy to confuse with banal flu or cold: all the same cough and runny nose. And only after a few weeks, when the symptoms of ARVI should already pass, it becomes clear that the picture is completely different. With whooping cough, the condition worsens every day, the painful cough can last up to 15 minutes, accompanied by vomiting or bleeding. In babies this can lead to a stop in breathing. The consequence can be a "residual form", when each common cold runs with the same severe cough.

In the case of diphtheria and tetanus, the most terrible thing is not the bacteria themselves, but the poison that they produce.

2. Diphtheria . Toxins affect the heart, liver and kidneys, the nervous system. The consequence may be suffocation.

3. Tetanus . An even more terrible toxin produced by these bacteria causes severe muscle spasms, which are accompanied by pain and cramps. Stopping the heart or breathing is not uncommon.

The only reliable protection is the DTP vaccination. Deciphering at times frightens parents with its multicomponent. But it's not the quantity, but the compatibility that's important here. It is this combination since the 1940s and is still considered ideal. Additionally, together with DTP, it is permissible to inoculate against poliomyelitis and hepatitis B.

Types of vaccines used

Today, parents can choose what to instill their child. For routine vaccination, the domestic version of DTP is usually used (the transcript is presented slightly above). On a paid basis, it is possible to supply the vaccine "Infanriks".

Combined preparations are also used:

• "Pentaxim" is the standard DTP + polio + hemophilic infection.
• "Tritanriks-HB" - DTP + hepatitis B.

Schedule of vaccination

A district pediatrician usually warns that it's time to put the inoculation. In different countries the schedule is somewhat different. Today in Russia the child receives the first DTP in 3 months. The second should follow in 4.5, the third - in six months. After a long break (a year), the last inoculation is put in at 18 months. This ends the full course of vaccination, and the child receives 100% protection from these diseases.

Despite this, the question of how many DTP vaccines a baby should receive is open. In some countries, they are made at 3, 6 and 18 months. In addition, there are medical laborers for health reasons. If the first vaccine is given, and then there is a break, then you do not need to start vaccination at first, just continue the interrupted chain. Revaccination is carried out at 6 and 14 years, and then every ten years.

It should be noted that pertussis is most dangerous for young children. Therefore, if the baby has not been vaccinated with DTP before the age of 4, then vaccination with ADS can be carried out, because whooping cough at an older age is much easier to tolerate.

Preparation for vaccination

Not always the district pediatrician appoints a full examination and collection of tests before vaccination. This is easy to explain, given its congestion. Sometimes doctors just ask their parents if the baby is healthy, and on the basis of this they are given a vaccination permit. Since the responsibility for the health of the toddlers lies with their parents, they must take active steps:

• Choose an independent doctor.
• Take his direction for tests and ultrasound.
• Visit the neurologist.
• Get full information about vaccines available in your country and recommendations, which one is best to choose.

If the child is absolutely healthy, then he, with little or no risk, can be given a DTP vaccine. The deciphering of this abbreviation should remind you of what terrible diseases you give him protection. Imagine a fidget-boy who is not vaccinated against tetanus. How many times will he break his knee, he will be scratched about a rusty fence? And each such injury is a risk to catch an infection that is fatal in 85% of cases.

If the vaccination date has already been fixed, within 6 days (3 before and 3 after the vaccination), the child should be given a half tablet of "Suprastin" in the morning and in the evening. Do not feed the baby before attending the treatment room. After the DTP is delivered, for 30 minutes, do not recommend leaving the clinic to get help quickly in the event of an allergic reaction. After coming home, immediately give a febrifuge, for example, "Nurofen" or put candles with paracetamol. They also have an analgesic effect, which will help the crumb to transfer the vaccination more easily. If on the second day the temperature is normal, the antipyretic can be canceled. If the fever persists on the third day, call a doctor.

Deterioration after vaccination

Of all the mandatory, the most difficult to tolerate is DTP - an inoculation, the decoding of which sounds like adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus. Today, you can find many materials that speak against vaccination in general, and they all refer specifically to the terrible consequences of DTP vaccinations.

Approximately 30% of the cases show the following side effects:

• Redness and swelling of the injection site;
• Slight increase in body temperature;
• Heightened anxiety;
• Disorders of the digestive system.

It should be noted that this is a normal reaction to DTP, the consequences of the organism's struggle with alien and hostile cells. Symptoms occur within 24 hours after vaccination. Today's realities are such that, while the children are waiting for the turn to the office after the direction, they are in contact with the patients who came to the examination. Therefore, a runny nose and diarrhea after vaccination may not have a direct relationship to it.

Unfortunately, this is not the worst thing that can happen after the DTP vaccine is given. Consequences in the form of strong edema (more than 10 cm), which is caused by the crying of the child and the fever temperature above 39 degrees, are considered severe. There are such reactions about once per 15 000 children.

In rare cases, against the background of vaccination, manifestation of previously hidden pathologies of the kidneys, liver, and diseases of the central nervous system is possible. A case of rapid development of glomerulonephritis and death of a child in a week after DTP was documented. In addition, anaphylactic shock, convulsions, and encephalopathy are possible. The incidence of such complications is very small, about 1 case per 500,000-1,000,000 children. But for someone this case is fatal ...

First vaccination: important points

So, you are already 3 months old, and here it is - the first invitation to vaccination. Why at this age? Because with intrauterine development the fetus received antibodies from the mother via the umbilical cord. And if immediately after the birth of a child to introduce a vaccine, they will interfere with the development of their own immunity. But gradually the natural protective barrier decreases, it needs to be restored. So doctors explain. By the way, most likely, you will be asked what vaccine to put. Choose an imported, purified vaccine, despite the fact that it is paid.

And one more very important point. If you are confused by the state of the baby (snot, malaise), postpone the inoculation, do not listen to urgent recommendations to go to the treatment room immediately. It can be delivered in 4 months and later. Medical workers are people who are forced, they must do their work on time. But, by and large, few people care about your child's health. They need a "tick" in the report, and you will have to reap the sad fruits. God forbid, of course.

After vaccination, carefully observe the behavior of the child. A strong crying, a large swelling, a high temperature - all this should be the reason to cancel subsequent vaccinations for a while or forever, depending on the severity of the reaction. Only a slight rise in temperature (37-38 degrees) can be considered a normal response to DTP. Sealing and redness at the injection site should not last more than a day and exceed 5 cm in diameter. By the way, the drug "Infarriks", as a rule, does not cause reactions and complications, it is well tolerated.

The second vaccination

After 30-45 days, if the first vaccine is transferred well, the doctor will invite you to a second vaccination. If the child at this time is ill, then the procedure is postponed and recovered. Bear in mind that the reaction may be stronger than the first time. This is considered a normal phenomenon, because the body has already developed a number of antibodies.

If the pediatrician does not ask himself, be sure to remind him about the reaction to the first inoculation. If it was expressed, then you need to use an imported vaccine, since it is better tolerated. If the vaccination proceeded with complications, then replace DTP DTP (without pertussis component) or cancel altogether, regardless of persuasion.

Third vaccination

Sometimes it is she, and not the second inoculation, which causes the strongest reaction of the body. By this time, you already know how the child tolerates this drug, and you can make the right decision. Of course, you do not need to risk your health if you have experienced complications. It is after the introduction of a third dose of the vaccine that the body is fully protected from these three diseases.

Does the effectiveness of the vaccine depend on the site of administration

Yes. The drug is intended for intramuscular injection. In young children, the thigh muscle is well developed, it is there that the DTP vaccine is placed. Deciphering (reviews often contain dissatisfaction with the content of aluminum, which acts as adjuvant) is necessarily present on the packaging, which you can verify by looking at the first photo of the article. Unfortunately, not always the specialist will explain to alarmed parents why the above-mentioned aluminum is needed, and meanwhile, it is directly related to the issue made in the subtitle. Aluminum hydroxide adsorbs all elements of the vaccine and keeps them at the injection site for a long time, so that the immune response can form before they enter the bloodstream and are eliminated from the body. Therefore, the drug is injected not under the skin and not into adipose tissue, namely into the muscle. Children over 4 years old are injected into the forearm area.

Is it necessary to put an inoculation?

Today, parents are really put in a desperate situation. Do not want to - do not, answer for yourself and blame yourself if the baby is seriously ill. Put? Good. But keep in mind: if there are complications, you yourself wanted an inoculation. By the way, no one proposes and does not appoint the necessary comprehensive survey. Parents try to find an answer in books, articles, discussions at forums devoted to DTP. Decoding, reviews, the description of those rare cases when the consequences proved to be the heaviest - all this clearly does not favor vaccination. What to do?

Let us turn to history. Before the beginning of immunization with pertussis all children were ill, and at least 5% died. Diphtheria was tolerated by about 25% of babies, and mortality was noted in almost 50% of cases. Tetanus is a very dangerous disease. And today, despite modern medical achievements, the mortality rate is about 80% among the sick.

Another thing is that due to mass immunization the risk of the epidemic has significantly decreased, so your child can grow up and not get sick. Again, in the 1970s, a wave of vaccine failures occurred in Europe . The number of diseases, complications and deaths that occurred in the next decade is incomparable with cases of complications after vaccination.

Summing up, we can say that DTP is an inoculation, reviews of which can be found in a wide variety, often sharply negative, because of its high reactogenicity. But if you carefully approach the choice of the drug, take preliminary tests and prepare the baby's body, you can significantly reduce the risk of complications and protect the child from dangerous diseases. You are parents, and you decide.