Geodetic control: features

Geodetic control is an ordered system of measurements and calculations that allow to check the correctness of key geometric parameters in the construction process. The main purpose of these measures is to ensure all the necessary tolerances and standards specified in the project documentation.

Features of the procedure

The object of control can be not only buildings, but also engineering facilities or communications. This means that the verification procedure is designed to ensure the proper quality of all construction and installation works. Geodetic control is performed during construction activities and implies compliance with such parameters:

• Accuracy of placement of structures, their slopes and geometric parameters;
• Correct location of all elements of the concrete foundation during installation;
• Conformity of load-bearing elements, such as columns and blocks, to the requirements of technical documentation.

How is the process going?

Control of the above characteristics is made by the method of calculating the axes of buildings and structures with respect to special breaking boundaries. For this purpose, the engineering service carries out placement of special marks and benchmarks on the monitored object. Then the distance between them is measured by high-precision instruments. The received values are marked in the logs, the information of which then forms the basis of the reports. The documentation obtained by this method allows to prevent possible errors in the construction of buildings.

At performance of geodetic works the equipment of a narrow orientation, high-precision measuring devices and specialized methods of calculations is applied. Such measures allow to accurately control the condition of all building structures and parts.

Ways

According to the type of work, geodetic control can be divided into 2 types: continuous and local. The first method involves daily monitoring of the necessary geometric parameters of the building, and the constant presence of specialists on the object under study. This option shows itself well on large-scale objects, such as stadiums and large shopping complexes, when the amount of work required requires permanent observation.

Local geodetic control of structures implies measurements of the current parameters of the desired objects on the site. This option will be appropriate for an insignificant amount of construction work, as it allows to provide the necessary quality of measurements without attracting extra funds.

Stages of the process

Geodetic control in construction assumes the following features:

1. Construction is accompanied by 2 steps of work. The first is called operational control and is implemented by the building contractor. The second is selective control carried out by the contracting authority in the acceptance process of the finished structure or at one of the stages of erection.
2. The results recorded in the operational control process should be displayed in the general work log, with a mandatory indication of the deviation from the size figures that are reflected in the project.
3. The geodetic control system involves monitoring the accuracy of casting concrete foundations. The concreting process is preceded by a check of all elements of the formwork and the reinforcement. Measurement of the interaxial distances of the shield surfaces is carried out by a planned test; The altitude position is controlled by the leveling process.
4. Checking the execution of the glass foundations passes along the axial lines fixed on the terrain. The control is performed by positioning the center axis with respect to the lines scheduled in advance.
5. The conformity of the building foundation with the quality standards is entered in the document signed by the technical supervision representative on the one hand, and the employee of the assembly company on the other. To the drawn up act, the schemes of the arrangement of elements are used, with the help of which control is carried out.
6. The process of erecting columns is preceded by an instrumental analysis of compliance with the draft high-altitude provisions. The columns are checked by lateral and horizontal leveling.
7. During the installation of the blocks, their vertical and planned placement is also monitored. The planned position is determined by the combination of the axes of the blocks with the axes of the walls of the building. Vertical blocks are checked using a plumb or level.

Control of high-rise construction

High-altitude objects during geodetic control are a separate category. Errors in the construction of such structures can lead to serious consequences. Deformations of buildings can be caused by design flaws, natural influences and ground state influence. Work to monitor deformation processes is an important part of the overall security system used in the design.

The organization of geodetic control is carried out in such a way that already at the stage of designing a high-rise building, control over the performed works takes place. In the process of construction, engineers of the geodetic service ensure compliance with design documentation. Intervention of specialists is also required for capital repairs of the structure, as well as for the foundation works. The control technique in this case is based not only on the technical, but also on the geological features of the site.

Geodetic works in the construction of high-rise buildings are carried out exclusively by organizations with special permits. Specialists of such companies should be specially certified for the implementation of relevant activities. It should also be borne in mind that a high-altitude structure usually requires an individual geodetic monitoring system.

Compliance with quality standards

In the construction of buildings and structures, the issue of quality is given increased attention. All operations performed in violation of standards are necessarily subject to alteration. The first stage of quality control is the input control. Such a check passes all the materials that come to the construction site. The control shows the compliance of purchases with the requirements of technical documentation, and the availability of the necessary certificates. Also, incoming inspection detects defects received during transportation.

The second stage of verification is called operational control. Its purpose is to find and eliminate inconsistencies in the course of the construction process. First of all, the quality of work is determined by the available project and instructions. This verification is subjected to the whole process of work, up to the unloading and storage of materials.

Supervisory activities

Geodetic quality control plays an important role in the process of checking the geometric parameters of the structure. The process consists of checking the initial data of the plan, monitoring the position during the installation, and analyzing the characteristics of the finished structure. In the course of construction, load-bearing and enclosing structural elements are also inspected. Data collection using geodesic instruments is carried out only for those parts of buildings whose geometry accuracy affects the correctness of the installation of other structures.

Acceptance of works

The acceptance process for the finished building is based on an approved project of works. Before delivery it is necessary to prepare the following documentation:

• Drawings of finished structures;
• Certificates and passports for reinforced concrete products;
• Documents confirming the quality of consumables used for installation, such as electrodes and fasteners;
• Laboratory analysis of welded joints;
• Certificates confirming the qualification of the working staff;
• Results of geodetic measurements;
• Documents for installation and welding work.

Approximately half of the accidents and problems with the operation of buildings are caused by disruptions in the construction process. Most of these defects are not immediately apparent, but in the process of operation. The primary task of geodetic control of buildings is the timely detection and prevention of defects in the construction process.