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General Chumakov Fedor: biography, interesting facts, photo

Before telling who Chumakov, a general known to all television viewers and lovers of military literature, should mention the name of a well-known Soviet writer who received the State Prize of the USSR in his time. This is Ivan Stadnyuk, whose works are known far beyond our country.

About the writer

The image of General Chumakov created by the writer is close to everyone, there is also no person who does not know the merry Maxim Perepelitsa, the heroes of the novel and the novels of Ivan Stadnyuk (and films according to his scenarios). Besides? Ivan Stadnyuk wrote other books that have been translated into many languages of the world: "People are not angels", "Pathfinders", "Man does not surrender," "People with weapons," the list is long. Ivan Stadnyuk is especially famous for his screenplays and dramaturgy. "War on the West" - a television series in which the heroic Chumakov, a general appeared, whose image turned out to be so alive that many people do not perceive him as a literary or film hero.

The first works were published by Ivan Stadnyuk in the magazine "Soviet Warrior", and the writer did not part with military themes until the very end. Six years later he worked in this magazine as an editor of the department of fiction, and a member of the editorial board was for thirty years. Ivan Fotievich Stadnyuk himself is a front-line soldier who has gone through the whole war and has seen many such heroes as the General Chumakov created by him. From the war, he brought out not only many orders and medals, but also that experience, those reflections, those memories that could not not have resulted in the pages of his books.

The truth of life and literature

In the Soviet years, Ivan Stadnyuk literally received bags of letters, which often contained questions about certain details of the heroic life that Fyodor Chumakov, General of the Army, had lived. It is explainable. Personally taken from the fronts of the evidence, which became the basis of all his books, exclusively truthfully convey to the reader the situation that was there, and the personalities described in the books have their real prototypes. The image that Fedor Xenofontovich, General Chumakov bears, is also extremely truthful.

Despite the high objectivity in the testimonies, Stadnyuk's books are full of trust, sincerity, they bear a huge imprint of personal experiences, and therefore the reader takes as reality the people who never existed under these names. In fact, the feats of arms described in the books were indeed committed, and all the people participated in it. And General Chumakov Fyodor Ksenofontovich absorbed the main features of several remarkable military leaders. About them will be told below.

Says the author

In 1983, Ivan Stadnyuk received the State Prize of the USSR for the novels "War" and "Moscow, 41st". Then he told the readers that his Fyodor Chumakov, the general is a fictitious person. But all the respect and admiration, all love, all understanding of the actions of Commander of the Thirteenth Mechanized Corps of General Akhlyustin, Commander of the Eleventh Mechanized Corps General Mostovenko and Commander of the Sixth Mechanized Corps of General Khatskilevich were carefully introduced into his character traits.

The role of these corps in the incredibly difficult first weeks of the war was exceptionally great, even the imagination was barely able to cover all the dangers and tremendous courage in the huge number of tragic situations that the commanders had to go through together with their fighters. The corps of General Chumakov, whose biography absorbed the events that were really happening, operated in the same places and in the same complicated situation that had to be overcome by the real mechanized corps of the Red Army.

Conditions for the outbreak of war

Ivan Stadnyuk in the unfolding events of the first days of the war, too, participated, and all their hardships personally suffered. This was in Western Belarus, in its border areas. And the biography of General Chumakov Fyodor Ksenofontovich also absorbed all these troubles. Stadnyuk was, though, slightly to the north, this is the site of the neighboring army, where the regiments were also not fully staffed. But his division immediately went into battle. I saw and experienced the writer completely the same thing as all the other parts and connections that suddenly found themselves in this meat grinder, with the enemy face to face.

And in the center of the almost unintelligible plot is General Chumakov Fyodor Ksenofontovich, the biography of a beautiful man, as he appeared before readers (and then the audience). A feature film in six episodes, shot at the Dovzhenko film studio in 1990, based on Stadnyuk's novel, was especially made up by the people with images of the heroes of the Second World War. General Chumakov and the tragic events of the beginning of the great confrontation have become a living thread connecting today and times more than half a century ago.

Plot

The writer was not the writer of the film, and this, of course, left a mark on quality. Despite all the frank and numerous "bloopers", the film turned out to be piercing, and this is most of all the merit of the writer. Writers even perverted the version of the role of the Soviet leadership, adding points that Stadnyuk did not touch or wrote opposite.

After the treacherous attack of Germany on the Soviet Union and the leadership, and personally Stalin did completely different, and in the defeats of our troops in the summer of 1941, they are not at fault, they have a lot of documents. The critical situation of our troops was formed because our armies were at the peak of rearmament, and Stadnyuk mentioned this many times in the pages of his books. Writers did the same for the liberal situation, in every way in the last decade trying to distort the story.

Destiny

But the film was still a success, even in spite of the truth. Apparently, the topic itself can not but find a response in the hearts of Soviet people, albeit former Soviet ones. Here are the fates of the most diverse people. Ordinary rank and file, often unnamed, make unforgettable exploits at the cost of their lives, their commanders also did not quail, did not hide, and did not run-they led the fighters to a distant, but indispensable Victory.

In the heart of the storyline is a biography. General Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich (photo, of course, can only be from the film). This is one of those commanders who perfectly saw and understood that for a monstrous, exceptionally well-prepared military force it rolled along our land all its way from the western border, sweeping away all life around. But General Chumakov, like all his prototypes, led a fierce resistance against Nazi aggression. The film, like the book of the same name, ends lightly - the dawn of Victory dawned before readers and viewers. These are pictures of the very first offensive operations (under Yelnia).

Nonconformities

In the book Ivan Stadnyuk clearly wrote that Major-General Fyodor Chumakov wore only a medal of the twenty-year anniversary of the Red Army and two Orders of the Red Banner of War. The screenwriters awarded him at first both the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Star, and then the chest was turned into an iconostasis. And Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria what happened! Judging by the signs of difference, he is a security commissioner of the first rank, but, alas! Since January 1941, he could not wear such insignia. He had one big star of special sewing.

At the interrogation of Pavlov from Beria, the buttonholes are sewn upside down and not in their place - the left one instead of the right one. And the very fact of interrogation is the fiction of writers. It was not and could not be - different departments because. Pavlov was engaged in an NGO, which the NKVD did not subordinate at all, since it was not part of the state security. And - this also Stadnyuk simply could not write! - What is the discipline they have in the NKVD! The escorts chat in a voice on extraneous topics in the presence of the People's Commissar, and even loudly, sitting in the far corner.

A little more about the fantasy writers

Writers - certainly people are not military, and with military history, even hearsay was not familiar. Neither the ranks do not know, nor the system of military colors. Even two different systems - NKVD troops and state security they identify, which Stadnyuk could not admit. Patches are not sewn at all in the proper places, but these are trifles, compared with the confusion of departments. In the emotional plan, the scene of the shooting of Pavlov by the order of Beria is absolutely unrealistic.

Pavlov in the uniform of the general of the army, with all regalia and awards, without trial and investigation, was shot right in the corridor - in the forehead of the revolver. It would be funny if it was not so sad. According to the documents - the court was about what the writer Ivan Stadnyuk mentions where the military lawyer of the army Ulrich presided, and the protocol is even published. The verdict was read out by decree of the State Defense Committee in all military units and in all divisions. Apparently, the script was written in the late eighties, when there was a wave of revelations of the Stalin regime, together with a foam of frank lies, exaggerations and falsification of history.

Figures and Facts

Here did not write Stadnyuk of what he did not know. And the screenwriters "made us beautiful," as they say in Odessa. Many facts and figures could not have been so widely known at the beginning of the war to be discussed not only by commanders, but also by soldiers. This is the quantitative ratio of the border troops of the Red Army and Wehrmacht groups, this is the disregard of the military and political leadership to intelligence reports about the impending attack and much more.

Professional historians most of the facts, presented by writers, long ago recognized as falsification. For example: General Chumakov asks a cadre colonel if forty thousand commanders were indeed arrested, and he replied that it was true. Strongest scene! But to what level of intelligence is it calculated? The film constantly sounds "Belarusian Military District", which in 1940 ceased to exist, becoming a Western special military district. With the Smolensk region as part of which he is Belarusian? Pavlov was the Western one and commanded that the script writers obviously did not care.

Even more interesting is the story with Raskolnikov. In June 1941, Beria and Molotov plan to eliminate the defector (diplomat, writer, statesman). It seems that the all-knowing system of the NKVD is not aware that Raskolnikov in Nice died two and a half years ago. And, of course, right from the morning of June 22, 1941, Iosif Vissarionovich closed in his office and drank Georgian wine for a whole week. Although right at half-past five in the morning he was already involved in the work (there is also a magazine of visits to Stalin's office-in general use a long time ago). Even Zhukov wrote in the most detailed manner what happened in the office in the first day of the war - this is impossible to imagine. And the rest of the scenes with Stalin are absolute fantasies. Even on a symbolic level, most of them are untenable. A cross on the leader's chest is visible! No comments. Probably enough show. Better about the book.

General Mostovenko

Mostovenko Dmitry Karpovich lived until 1975. During the war, he was a famous Polish and Soviet military commander, then a colonel general of the Soviet Army. He was born in the Volgograd region. He participated in the First World War from 1915 to 1917. In the Red Army from 1918, he commanded a battalion, then a regiment of the Southern Front. He graduated from the Military Academy and courses at the Academy named after Dzerzhinsky (1926).

He met the Great Patriotic War with the commander of the Eleventh Mechanized Corps and was surrounded by Grodno, from which his corps was led out with fights. Since 1943, he commanded the mechanized and armored forces of the Polish Army. Participated in the Victory Parade on Red Square. He served in the Soviet Army until retirement. He died in Minsk. The street of the city of Grodno is named Mostovenko, where, since 1967, he was an honorary resident. The military exploits of the general were appreciated: one and a half dozen orders, many medals only during the war. Colonel-General since 1946. He was the prototype of the main hero of the novel "War" Ivan Stadnyuk. On his pages is General Chumakov Fyodor Ksenofontovich, whose biography is in many respects similar to the military fate of General Mostovenko.

General Ahljusteen

The general - Akhlyustin Petr Nikolaevich, who died in the battles of the very beginning of the war in the Slavgorod district of the Mogilev region, also became a prototype of the protagonist of the novel Stadnyuk. He was born in the Chelyabinsk region. He managed to fight in the Russian Imperial Army hussar, where he received the first officer's rank. After the war, he worked for a while at a metallurgical plant. In 1918 he voluntarily joined the Red Army, where he was commander of hundreds of mountain-rifle regiments. He fought on the Southern and Eastern fronts.

In 1926 he graduated from the course of commanders, then - cavalry in 1928. Until 1941, he served only in the cavalry, was assigned to a mechanized corps before the war, immediately - his commander. In the first minutes of the war, he led his corps into battle against much superior forces, in the area of Minsk, was surrounded. The remnants of the corps were reunited with units of the Red Army only by July. Without ammunition, without mechanized and material parts. Before the very meeting of the corps with the main units, the general died on the crossing through the Sozh.

General Khatskilevich

Major-General Khatskilevich died on the third day after the outbreak of the war, in battle, right in the tank. He was born in Nizhny Novgorod in a Jewish family, served since 1916 in the imperial army, and in 1918 he was drafted into the Red Army. In the Civil War deserved a lot of fame, fighting on the Western, South-Western and Southern fronts, received awards. A year before the Great Patriotic War, he was appointed commander of the Sixth Mechanized Corps in the Western District, in a very short time the corps became the leader in the district. This man had great willpower, literacy and intelligence. He understood that the next war was a war of motors, and he did everything to make the corps fit in with future events.

He joined the battle immediately, and on June 24, under continuous bombing from the air, struck a counterattack against the advancing enemy troops. Even forced them to retreat. And he chained to himself the huge forces of the enemy so that parts of the Red Army could make redeployment. As a result, only one tank remained in the hull, and this tank was a general. Nevertheless, a breakthrough from the encirclement began, in which the General crushed several German anti-tank guns with tracks. But he himself was killed. Ivan Stadnyuk gave his hero to General Chumakov exactly these features - mind, courage, selflessness.

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