Homeliness, Building
Frame houses: the pros and cons. Technology of construction of frame houses
Wooden houses in recent years are actively gaining popularity. The ideal technology for their erection, which would not have obvious shortcomings and at the same time surpassed all others, is not available today. At the same time, prefabricated houses are mainly built , the pros and cons of which provided them with great popularity, in the domestic market as well.
General information
Frame - the basis of the house, consisting of individual elements: beams, boards, beams. In other words, it is a prefabricated structure that takes over all the loads acting on the house. Individual components for frame houses are made in factories. Prior to erection, preliminary calibration of building structures is carried out, which allows to save considerably on financial costs and time.
Which house to choose
Which frame houses are better? There are the following types: frame, shield and frame-panel. They differ in the technology of erection and the materials used. Frame houses are not inferior to traditional brick and stone for comfort, sound and heat insulation characteristics. In general, they have proved themselves well, in domestic climatic conditions as well.
Prefabricated houses: pros and cons
Frame houses, like any other, have their own peculiarities, technology of erection, advantages and disadvantages. The buyer has the opportunity to get acquainted with their qualities and choose the appropriate option.
Pluses :
- Low cost. The technology of erecting frame houses requires little financial investment. This is associated with their great popularity throughout the world.
- Fast construction. Excluding preparatory work (foundation and finishing), a construction team consisting of 5 people is able to build a house for 1 month in the warm season.
- Minimum cost of retention. Frame house does not require constant maintenance.
- Good sound insulation. Using special materials, such as ecowools, allows you to achieve high levels of sound insulation, which are not available in unprepared frame houses. The advantages of using sound-absorbing materials are clear to any person.
- No shrinkage. After the construction of the frame house, you can immediately begin to finish it and settle in the near future. For example, logs immediately after their construction can not be populated, since it is necessary to wait for their final shrinkage. The process can take from 6 to 10 months.
- Low thermal conductivity of enclosing structures. It provides an opportunity to keep more heat in the winter and keep cool in the hot season.
- Ecological compatibility. Wood is environmentally friendly material that does not pose a threat to human health.
- Lightweight foundation. The technology makes it possible to use lightweight foundations. This allows you to save on money and time.
- Availability and simplicity of interior decoration. Unlike concrete or brick buildings, where the walls on the inside need to be plastered, in the frame houses it is enough to fill the joints and the screwing points of the screws. After that, you can proceed to paste the wallpaper, as the walls are flat by definition (provided that the technology of their erection was observed).
- Seismic stability. Frame houses for permanent residence are widely used in a country such as Japan. This is due to the fact that they are able to withstand the load of up to 9 points on the Richter scale, and for this country frequent earthquakes are typical.
- A large number of freeze / thaw cycles. For example, if the frame house serves as a dacha, then it is enough to warm it up only upon arrival and not maintain the temperature in its absence.
- The possibility of building at any time of year is an important advantage that frame houses have. Construction is carried out under the condition that the ambient temperature is not lower than -15 degrees.
- Absence of cracks. Smooth walls almost do not have cracks and looseness. If any, then fill them with a heater. In addition, the use of hydro- and wind-insulating membranes prevents the penetration of air masses into the walls.
- The ability to repair frame houses with their own hands quickly and at minimal cost. The house can be dismantled, transported to a new location and reassembled. This is feasible only if such an opportunity was provided in advance at the stage of housing design.
- Optimum microclimate. Using wood as a building material allows the house to preserve its properties, thereby creating a special microclimate. In other words, the walls of such housing "breathe". And this is another important advantage that frame houses have.
Cons :
- The friability of the structure. This drawback is typical for all wooden walls and ceilings.
- We need the appropriate qualification of the builders. In the technological part, frame houses are complex, and for their erection an appropriate tool and skilled craftsmen are required.
- Fire hazard. The problem is solved with the help of special compounds, which impregnate the wood.
Frame houses: instructions for increasing the period of their operation
When building a frame house, builders adhere to several basic principles. Their compliance is mandatory, as this can significantly extend the period of operation of the housing.
A strong foundation
The erection of the foundation is the first and one of the most important stages in the construction of any house, ensuring the stability of the structure. Significantly increase the service life of the house qualitative preparation of the foundation for the foundation, proper binding of the reinforcement and the use of inventory formwork.
Good ventilation
Effective air exchange between the soil and the beams of the overlap is carried out by means of through holes, also known as the "blowdown". They are made in the ground part of the foundation ribbon. This allows you to exclude the accumulation of moisture and, as a consequence, the formation of mold under the house.
Quality anchoring of the binding board
When the foundation is prepared, the binding board is laid on the waterproofing material, the main function of which is protection from the external environment. Further, the diagonals are measured, even angles and walls of future housing are displayed. It is important to firmly fix them. To do this, the anchorage of the binding plate to the foundation is carried out. At the same time they follow a certain step. Proper fixing will ensure an even distribution of the load on the surface, exclude the possibility of a board shift during construction. To build frame houses with their own hands is a laborious business that requires specific knowledge. Not all builders thoroughly possess the skills of their construction.
Structural impregnation
Despite the fact that the frame structure is inside the wall and is not subject to external influences, it must be protected. To do this, use special compounds that increase the fire resistance of the material. Also antiseptic wood is carried out. As a consequence, one of the drawbacks that frame houses have to minimize is minimized. The pros and cons of the compositions need not be listed, since the owner of the house will only benefit from using them.
Impregnation of wood is carried out from four sides simultaneously. The substance must penetrate deeply into the material. It minimizes the possibility of mold, rot and blue formation both in the outer layers and directly inside the log.
Robust basic frame
The quality of building materials directly affects the durability of the carcass as a whole. It is well known that wood is characterized by "shrinkage", in which it narrows by 5-7% in width and thickness, and in length by 1%. But the frame structures practically do not give shrinkage, since the vertical pillars carry a bearing role in them.
Fungal infections of wood in a closed box are one of the most common problems that frame houses suffer from. Minuses like this one are easily eliminated. For the fabrication of a frame it is recommended to use dry wood with an allowable moisture content of 10-15%. It is characterized by high strength and resistance to external influences. In addition, this will not seriously increase the financial costs of frame houses.
Construction of houses of this type is carried out and in areas for which earthquakes, floods and other cataclysms are characteristic. Frame structures are able to withstand seismic shocks up to 9 points.
Quality insulation
Resistance of houses, even at extremely low temperatures, provides a heater based on mineral wool thickness of 15-20 cm. This is equivalent to a 1 m thick brick wall .
Use of vapor barrier and diffuser membranes
A heater directly affects the insulation of the room. For example, a wet insulation does not fulfill the tasks set and, as a consequence, the house will be cold. It can be maintained in an optimal state with the help of vapor-proof and diffuser membranes.
The vapor barrier membrane is applied to the inner side of the wall. It prevents the penetration of steam from the room to the heater. The sheets of material are overlapped, which ensures their most effective work. The seams are glued with adhesive tape.
Diffuser membrane is applied to the outside of the house. It performs two functions in parallel: it removes the formed moisture through a ventilated gap and prevents its penetration from the outside. Correct frame houses necessarily have both membranes.
Permanent care of the house
Care of this house is simple and requires the observance of simple rules. The owner must conduct a regular inspection of the condition of the house, which will allow timely detection of malfunctions. The owner can easily replace the heater, elements of internal or external decoration, carcass and other structures. For example, in a brick house such manipulations are problematic.
Results
The durability of the frame house depends on the observance of the technological features of its construction. The presence of drafts, the formation of condensate, thermal losses - building marriage. Frame houses, the pros and cons of which are described above, are distinguished by their durability, strength and thermal insulation properties.
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