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Fortifications. What is Redoubt, Lone, Redo and Flash?

The history of the confrontation between people began from the time when one of them picked up a stick. But over time, the weapons of war have been improved, and the resolution of any conflicts in this way has become a matter of inexpensive and very lengthy. After all, both sides developed as measures of active influence on the enemy - cold and firearms, reconnaissance, sabotage, and passive - guard duty, fortifications, a strategy for the location and movement of troops, which were to protect them from surprises and provide countermeasures when meeting with Enemies.

Why military installations of a defensive nature were used?

This article will touch on the importance of short-term and long-term field fortifications and their types: we will consider what redoubt, lunette, edin, flush and trench. After all, their influence during the war on the exhaustion of the warring parties is enormous. On the surviving drawing of the time, which is attached immediately, the constructive scheme and the role of the most widespread support structures are indicated. The document perfectly demonstrates what the redoubt is and what its components are (trenches for shooting from various positions, elements for strengthening the embankment and building obstacles). From these points of long-term defense depended the survival unit, so they were carried out on conscience.

Differences between temporary support structures and redoubt

At the same time, there were also less important fortifications. Depending on whether the offensive was planned or continued defense under cover of artillery, which was located in open areas, field or solid fortifications were being prepared. For cover during the offensive, trenches, dugouts and dugouts were used - they provided protection only from rifle fire. In the event that there was a need to defend themselves, capital installations of a defensive nature were built to preserve the fighting efficiency of the formations and to protect against shelling. Relying on the terrain and natural hard-to-reach areas, they formed a defensive line.

Types of basic fortifications. Redoubt and lunette

To find out what redoubt is, you should refer to the history of military installations of the XVI-XIX century. This term owes its origin to the French word, which means shelter. Traditionally, in the fortifications Redoubt took on the role of protecting infantry formations, artillery from enemy fire. Its shape could be arbitrary, but the circuit always closed from the rear to limit the access of the enemy. In practice, four-, five-, six-cornered fortifications were most often used. Often they were located behind the editions or flushes - the protruding parts of the earth embankment, fortified bundles with brushwood, structures of raw brick, adobe or sacks with earth, and the slope of the rays about 60-120 . The area of the redoubt was surrounded by several rows of stone or earthen rampart, a wooden palisade and a moat that could be filled with water. From the rear of the structure there was a passage for the garrison, which could number from 80 to 1,000 soldiers.

Lunet, in contrast to redoubt, had other outlines in plan: his front and flanks were facing enemy positions, but the rear remained open. This design is explained by the fact that the lunette was not designed to repel attacks from the rear, and its flanks usually rested on a branched network of trenches or natural barriers (marshes, rivers, lakes, mountains or yars, etc.). The image below shows what redoubt is. The photo was taken from a bird's eye view, since its surroundings are difficult to access.

Influence of fortifications in the modern world

Nowadays all this terminology seems outdated and far from the realities of war. But reading fiction about the Patriotic War or historical works about those times, many people inadvertently ask themselves about who is Raevsky, what is redoubt and what is his role on the battlefield? Unfortunately, these words leave wide use, but for those who are interested in the history of confrontation between Napoleon and Kutuzov, they can not be empty. After all, in the battle of Borodino, the fate of Russia was decided - to soar or prostrate before the interventionists. It is possible that if the Russian army did not know what redoubt was, in 1812, for the country, it would not exist in principle. Indeed, it was because of the courage of the Slavic army, which used the most radical measures to protect the Shevardin Redoubt , and the Motherland was saved.

In the modern world there is no need to build such massive fortifications, because due to different types of weapons their role is reduced to zero. But nevertheless, their stone bastions remain a magnificent memorial of architecture for descendants.

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