Floors on the ground: the right pie of the floor with your own hands

When carrying out repairs or construction, you must take care that the floor of your house is as warm and protected from moisture as possible. Many projects often involve the construction of floors on the ground, this system is a practical and inexpensive option.

For reference

If the structure is provided with thermal insulation, it will guarantee comfort and warmth inside the premises, reducing the cost of maintenance. Such a system will resemble a layered pie, which has several materials in it.

Layout Layers

Quite often in recent years, floors are being set up on the ground. The correct pie of this system provides for the presence of padding, reinforcing mesh, screed, hydro and thermal insulation. Lay the layers in stages. Before starting the work, the soil must be prepared. The upper fertile layer is removed, the territory is cleared of debris and foreign objects. At this stage, you will need to align the surface. Further, sand is poured, you can use any of its varieties. After filling, the layer is compacted well.

The next step is the laying of crushed stone or gravel. Thanks to this preparation, the groundwater does not rise upward, in addition, you will be able to level the surface well. The thickness of this preparation is approximately 8 centimeters. As practice shows, the floors on the ground are gaining increasing popularity. The right pie of this part of the house is a system that provides for the next stage laying reinforcing metal mesh. With its help it will be possible to strengthen the concrete screed and fix the heating pipes.

After the completion of all the above-described work, it is possible to begin the construction of a rough screed using concrete, the thickness of this coating is a limit of 5 to 10 centimeters. After the solution has solidified, a waterproofing film is laid , which is sometimes replaced by a membrane. The main task of this layer is to prevent the entry of moisture into the concrete. Therefore, the film strips must be overlapped. Joints are fixed with a construction tape.

Warming and waterproofing

Further, the selected heat insulation material is laid, in the role of which it is possible to use expanded polystyrene or dense polystyrene with foil coating. If it is assumed that the load on the surface will be quite impressive, then the plates should be applied. The thickness of this layer should be chosen depending on the climatic conditions of the region where the construction is carried out. You can also arrange floors on the ground. The correct pie should in this case assume the laying of the waterproofing layer in the next step. It can be a ruberoid, which covers in one layer. At the final stage, a screed is installed, which will act as a finishing floor covering. Its thickness usually varies from 7 to 10 centimeters.

Main advantages

Among the main advantages of such a floor is the reliability of protecting the house from frost and cold. Regardless of the temperature of the soil on which the system will be laid, the soil will have a positive temperature. An additional advantage is that almost any insulation can act as a thermal insulation material. For waterproofing, you can use a cheap ruberoid or special film. The floor covering can also be absolutely anything, everything here will depend on the preferences of the owners.

Due to the fact that the device of the floor is carried out on the ground, calculations need not be made. In those places where the load is significant, it is recommended to increase the thickness of the pie of the warm floor. Quite often, domestic masters self-equiped pie warm floor on the ground. The design, the advantages of which are described in the article, can form the basis of the heating system of the entire building. This will eliminate the need to install additional heat sources. Its given design has excellent soundproof characteristics.

Alternative options for installing the floor on the ground

If you decide to equip floors on the ground, the correct pie can provide for a different layout of the layers. Everything will depend on the level of occurrence of groundwater, the variety of the system, operational loads and other factors. In the above example, the main underlying layer is concrete. But in some cases, the cake is laid, where the screed is replaced with a sand cushion, the thickness of which is 150 millimeters. The sequence will remain the same, but it will be more difficult to ensure a smooth surface.

If the foam polystyrene is used to insulate the floor on the ground, the pie will be slightly different. At the same time, the gravel layer should be laid 30 cm thick, the concrete screed 15 cm, then there is a layer of waterproofing and insulation, the reinforced concrete screed acts as the final layer .

Excellent mineral insulation is a mineral wool board, which has a high density, resistance to deformation and a long service life. This material is recommended to be laid in two layers. To exclude water absorption, it is necessary to carry out treatment with water-repellent compounds. As an insulating layer, you can use claydite, which will become an inexpensive and simple option. In this case, additional waterproofing is not required, in addition, the layer of gravel and screed can be replaced with expanded clay.

Technology of work

If you want to perform warm floors on the ground, the correct pie can be stacked only after carrying out the preparatory work. They were described above. In the next stage, a thick layer of sand is poured in, which is poured by water for better compaction. Then comes a layer of expanded clay. A rough reinforced screed is made, over which the waterproofing material is covered. It can be a polyethylene film, which is covered with a heater. The screed is the last layer, it also needs to be reinforced and put into its foundation a system of a warm floor. It can be water or electric. When preparing the solution, pure river sand is used, as well as fine-grained rubble. Gaps when laying layers provide no need, as an exception is only a clean screed. Cake of concrete floor on the ground, the design of which can provide for the presence of linoleum and laminate, at this stage can be considered equipped.

Wood floor on the ground

If you compare the usual floor with what is formed on the ground, you can distinguish several differences. In the latter case, it is necessary to provide a space between the floor and the ground, which will act as a ventilated underground. Its height usually varies from 5 to 10 cm. To begin with, the ground base is prepared, including the leveling of the surface, the pouring of rubble and its ramming. Then a thin layer of lean concrete is poured, and then the marking is done, at this stage beacons are installed and the places where the brick supports will be located. For them it is necessary to prepare solid products. Next, a double layer of roofing material is laid with some overlap, and if the soil is wet, then it needs to be laid in two layers. Master puts the wooden pads, which are soaked in antiseptic. If you are thinking about how to make the right pie flooring on the ground, you should know that the wooden structure provides for a layer of slag, the thickness of which can reach a meter. Then a bar is installed on the brick supports, to which you have to strengthen the floorboards using nails. Applying the plane, the wooden floor is leveled, and the next step will be puttying the surface, which is especially true of the places where the nail heads are located.

Recommendations of a specialist

You can start work by arranging a dense and high-quality foundation. The soil is removed to a depth of 0.5 meters. Instead of the preparation described above, it is possible to fill in coarse-grained sand, which is well trampled with a special tool or a vibratory plate. Lining layer is usually a 5-centimeter concrete screed, the cost of further work while, like the time of their holding, will be significantly reduced. When wooden floors are carried out on the ground, the correct pie can contain not only the abovementioned waterproofing materials, but also a PVC membrane, fiberglass, polyester or bitumen mastic.

Conclusion

Without outside assistance, you yourself can be equipped with floors on the ground. The right pie of the floor with your own hands is carried out using only high-quality materials and observing the rules of technology. For example, for the evenness of the entire surface, it is necessary to use the building level.