Fire alarm system. Defend your family

If you look at the site of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, you can find very unpleasant information about the consequences of fires in the Russian Federation. The first place is occupied by human lives, which took fire - about 10-12 thousand per year. Further, the sad list continues the buildings and structures destroyed by this element. And such objects for a year can be typed up to 40 thousand, and almost always there is no system of fire alarm. In addition, each fire destroys a certain property, the cost of which for the year in our country is estimated at 12 billion rubles.

In order not to risk real estate, valuables, and, most importantly, their lives and those of their loved ones, fire inspectors and MES recommend that appropriate equipment be installed in an apartment or a private house.

Fire alarm is a complex set of devices. It performs the following functions:

- constant assessment of the state of the object;

- detection of ignition in the early stages;

- precise location of the ignition;

- transfer of information to the fire control panel, residents and owners of the house;

- start-up of fire extinguishing systems (optional).

The fire alarm system consists of the following components:

- a receiving and monitoring device that collects information about the state of the fire situation in the building from the sensors;

- loops that connect the control panel to the sensors;

- batteries ;

- Sensors (they are hand-operated (turn on by a person), smoke-optoelectronic, thermal, aspirating, gas, there are also open flame sensors, combined and linear fire detectors - thermal cables);

- annunciators (sound, light, combined, sirens, pointers).

Also in the composition of fire alarms used on private facilities, often includes an automatic fire extinguishing system, which begins to work at the signal from the receiving and monitoring device.

Depending on the components that extinguish the fire, the complexes of automatic fire extinguishing are divided into systems:

- finely sprayed fire fighting water;

- aerosol extinguishing using an aerosol mass containing an inert gas;

- powder fire extinguishing ;

- foam fire extinguishing;

- gas fire extinguishing using gas refrigerant for premises where there are no people.

The fire alarm system exists in two versions - wired and wireless. In the first case, the control device is connected to the sensors by means of loops. In the second, information is transmitted via signals. The wireless option is considered preferable due to easy installation of the system, no need to lay cable traces in the walls, easy maintenance, the possibility of transferring the sensors to another location and an acceptable price.

Also, the fire alarm system can be address-polling, address-analog or threshold. The most reliable one is the first, in which all sensors are connected to a loop with a ring configuration, and the system sequentially "interrogates" each sensor to detect signs of a fire.

The address-analog system is not quite suitable for home use, because In it, the sensors only transmit information to the console and give the alarm signal in this case the dispatcher must. And the threshold system transmits data to a whole loop, so it is difficult to detect a specific place of fire.

The Fire Inspection recommends that such an alarm system should be equipped with an apartment and a house alarm system, where there are small children left unattended, elderly, disabled, because in this case the probability of loss of human life or property in fire is reduced to almost zero.