Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Members of the Federal Assembly of Russia. Structure of the Federal Assembly

The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is the highest representative institution of the country. It ensures the expression of the interests of the population and conducts norm-setting activities. Formation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the current legal acts. The structure includes two bodies, competence, the specifics of the creation and operation of which are regulated by Federal Laws No. 113 and 175.

The upper chamber of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

It is a permanent structure. It includes 2 representatives from the regions of the country. The Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is established in accordance with Federal Law No. 113. The competence of the Federation Council includes the following issues:

1. Appointment of presidential elections and his removal from office.
2. Adoption of decrees issued by the President on the introduction of military and emergency regulations in the country as a whole or in its separate areas.
3. Appointment and removal of the Prosecutor General, Deputy Chairman of the Accounts Chamber and 50% of its auditors.
4. Adoption of borders between regions.
5. Appointment of officials of the Higher Courts.

The Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation also gives consent to the deployment of the armed forces of the country outside its borders. It also includes the approval or rejection of draft normative acts.

The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

It is formed of 450 deputies. This body is the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Election of deputies is carried out for 4 years. Holding the first meeting is appointed on the 30th day after the election or earlier than this time by presidential decree. Voting for deputies is carried out in the manner provided for in Federal Law No. 175 and other normative acts regulating the right to vote. The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes the following issues:

1. On trusting the government.
2. Appointing and removing from it the chairmen of the Central Bank, the Accounts Chamber and 50% of the auditors, as well as the Russian Commissioner for Human Rights.
3. The nomination of charges to the president for his removal from power.
4. Endorsement of candidacy for the post of chairman of the government, proposed by the head of the country.

In addition, the State Duma discusses and adopts draft normative acts.

Rulemaking

The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is considered the key subject of the legislative process. The State Duma adopts draft normative acts and sends them to the SF for approval. To resolve the differences that arise, a conciliation commission is created between them. The adopted normative act is a document approved in the State Duma and approved by the Federation Council. The procedure for adoption and approval is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The Federal Assembly sends the adopted and approved act to the president for signature.

Dissolution of the State Duma

It is carried out by the president. The grounds for dissolving the State Duma can be:

1. Three-fold rejection of the candidate for the post of chairman of the government, proposed by the head of the country.
2. Denial of trust to the highest executive body. At the same time, the initiative should come from the chairman of the government.

It is not allowed to dissolve the lower chamber:

1. For a year since its inception.
2. Since the date of the accusation of the president and before the decision on him SF.
3. During an emergency or martial law in the country.
4. For half a year before the expiration of the president's powers.

After the dissolution of the State Duma, the head of state appoints a voting date. At the same time, it should be determined in such a way that the newly created body should meet no later than four months. From the moment of disbandment.

Specificity of the creation of SF

As part of improving the system of state administration, administrative reform was carried out. In the course of it certain changes were made in the order of formation of the parliament. New rules were introduced in the Law on the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. In particular, the procedure for creating the SF was determined. It included the heads of the executive and legislative bodies of the subject. However, by the end of the 1990s. This system was deemed ineffective. In accordance with the Law adopted on August 5, 2000, the Federation Council began to include not the heads, but representatives of the executive and legislative bodies of the entity. Heads of these structures within three months from the date of taking office appoint the relevant officials. This decision is made in the form of a decree (decree). If a third of the total number of deputies votes against an appointment at an extraordinary or planned meeting of a representative body , the order does not enter into force.

Nuance

It should be noted that the procedure for nominating representatives to the Federation Council from one-bicameral and bicameral representative bodies of the subject is different. In the first case, from the date of the first meeting within three months, a representative is elected at the proposal of the chairman. In the second case, candidates are offered alternately both chambers. An alternative proposal can be made by a group of deputies. The representative of each chamber is nominated for half of the term of her office. The decision on the appointment is made by secret ballot. The body of state power shall notify the Council of Federation about it no later than the next day after the entry into force of the decision and send the relevant act to the Federation Council within five days.

Other changes

The reforms touched upon the rules of election of deputies to the State Duma. The fourth convocation was formed in accordance with the Federal Law adopted on 20.12.2002. The election took place on 50% in single-mandate constituencies and 50% on lists submitted by political parties. Candidates could also run as self-nominated candidates, from an electoral bloc or as part of an association. Only those parties that have overcome the 7% barrier can use the right to nominate persons. The decision to submit a list of candidates is approved by secret ballot. The total number of persons nominated by the party can not be more than 270 people.

Normative acts of the FS

The powers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are clearly regulated by legal documents. Each body that is part of the FS structure takes decisions by the majority. On some issues, another procedure for approving resolutions may be envisaged. Such cases are prescribed in the Constitution. It contains norms that clearly establish the range of issues assigned to the jurisdiction of the FS. In particular, the powers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are established in Art. 102 and 103. The Council of Federation, for example, approves decisions on issues that are within its competence by the existing norms, as well as directly related to its internal activities. The latter are determined by regulations, regulations and the corresponding Federal Law. The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation often considers topical issues concerning the life of the country. The decrees often indicate shortcomings of existing state bodies, there are appeals to representative structures on the need to adopt certain normative acts to improve the state of affairs. Together with this, the President read out a message to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation every year. It sums up the work done, and sets new tasks. In accordance with them, the agenda of the meetings of the FS is formed.

General directions of work

The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation consists of two relatively independent parts. The main work on the adoption of normative acts is carried out in the State Duma. SF also has a legislative initiative. The drafts of normative acts, which are submitted for consideration, undergo legal and linguistic examinations, are vetted by responsible persons. The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation through the Federation Council can make statements, appeals, including to the government and the president. They are adopted in the manner provided for the approval of regulations. As a rule, the wishes are of a recommendatory nature. As for the State Duma, it can also receive appeals and statements. They are issued by orders. Appeals and statements are quite diverse in content. They are accepted much more often than in the Federation Council. The most pressing issues in them are problems of a socio-economic and internal political nature. Along with this, such appeals and statements, having a certain impact on the executive structures of power, can not contain binding norms for the government or the president. In this regard, they, as well as the recommendations of the Federation Council, can have only moral and political significance. The statements and appeals of the State Duma concerning the solution of international issues make a special impact on the activities of the executive branch. As a rule, they assess the foreign policy processes of foreign countries. Accordingly, such appeals and statements can cause a sufficiently large international response.

Parliamentary Center

In the middle of 2000. The discussion of the idea to unite the Federation Council and the State Duma in one building began. In 2012, this proposal was supported by D. Medvedev, then president of the country. The authors of the new construction project justified its need for tightness in the offices of parliamentarians, the great distance between the services necessary for the effective implementation of their duties, and the desire of the leadership to move power structures from the central part of the city to reduce congestion on the roads. Various locations were considered for the placement. The Parliamentary Center was proposed to be located on Kutuzovsky Prospekt, Moscow City, Frunzenskaya Embankment, Tushino Airfield, Krasnaya Presnya, Sofia or Moskvoretskaya Embankment. In September 2014, however, a district was chosen in the Mnevnichenskaya floodplain.

Complexities of implementation

The members of the Federation Council and the State Duma were offered, together with the Office for Presidential Affairs, FSO, to choose the project of the future construction on the basis of an architectural competition. However, the work caused aesthetic disagreement among parliamentarians. They could not be solved even during the re-competition. The question of financing raised a particular challenge. Initially, it was assumed that the costs of building a parliamentary center would be borne by a private investor, who would subsequently acquire ownership of these facilities. In the future, the construction of a hotel complex, entertainment facilities, etc. was allowed in its place. It is assumed that the work of the parliamentary center can begin as early as 2020. However, according to other sources, the construction was postponed due to the difficult social and economic situation for an indefinite period .

Conclusion

The Federal Assembly acts as the highest representative and legislative body in the country. Its main task is norm-setting. The FS discusses, amends, changes, approves the most important laws on topical issues arising in various spheres of state life. The effective normative acts establish the procedure for the adoption of the Federal Law. It involves conducting several readings of the project in the State Duma, discussion, making proposals and amendments. An obligatory condition is the agreement of the document with the Federation Council. If the Federation Council finds any shortcomings, appropriate recommendations are made. They, along with the draft act, are sent back to the State Duma. The State Duma, having approved the amendments, votes for passing the law. After that, he again goes to the SF, and from there - to the president for signature. At the same time, the head of state can veto the Federal Law. The competence of the Federal Assembly includes other issues relating to domestic political and socio-economic life in Russia.