Examples of emergency situations. Earthquake, hurricane, flood

Examples of emergencies repeatedly prove that natural phenomena can lead to natural disasters. The power of natural incidents is often devastating and leads to serious negative phenomena. Each year, scientists record about 1 million seismic and microseismic earth fluctuations. Approximately 100 of them are perceptible to humans and 1000 cause major damage. More susceptible to seismic fluctuations: the Mediterranean zone, the south of Eurasia from the western side of Portugal to the eastern zone of the Malay Archipelago and the Pacific zone that surrounds the shores of the Pacific Ocean. This includes mountain ranges: the Andes, the Cordillera, the Crimea, the Himalayas, the Caucasus, the Carpathians, the Apennines and the Alps.

The strength of the earthquake is measured on a 12-point scale by the seismologist. A weak push is fixed as one point. Each new score means that the next push is 10 times more than the previous one. The most sensational earthquakes were recorded in 1906 in California (USA) - 10 points, in 1923 in Japan - more than 10 points. There are about 150,000 people killed here. In 1928 he suffered from aftershocks in Spitak's 8 points. The city was completely destroyed, more than 25 thousand people were killed. Recorders in the number and strength of earthquakes are considered Chile and Japan.

Scientists have registered more than 1000 earthquakes a year in these countries. The strongest tremors from the earth's interior occur in the area of the Japanese islands of Suruga and Sagami. Weak fluctuations are observed in the city of Niigata. Local residents are so used to this that they do not worry much anymore. The city experiences small losses: advertising signs are falling and the houses are slightly rocked.

Earthquake in Japan

A strong earthquake in Japan is felt in open terrain. Cracks form in the earth's soil. Over time, they become wider, the soil cracks, as if at the seams. If the oscillations are incredibly active, then the earth is literally distorted by wave-like jerks.

This phenomenon could be observed in Japan (1923) in the South Kanto region. The earthquake was under the Sagami Bay. Nearly all the houses were destroyed on its coast. Scientists consider this earthquake in Japan the most destructive of all.

In the cities of Jokagama and Tokyo, panic reigned. In the capital of Japan , 6,000 people died. In the fire, almost the whole city was destroyed. Strong fluctuations arose in the afternoon.

Almost immediately, fire bonfires appeared everywhere. The gusty wind carried fire everywhere. Separate foci of fires merged among themselves, and soon it was already blazing on all sides. People fled from everywhere, fleeing from the fire. So, during this earthquake 3.5 million Japanese were left homeless and 150,000 people were killed. Japan suffered catastrophic losses, which exceeded the country's expenses in the Russo-Japanese war by 5 times.

Volcanoes

Scientists have recorded about a thousand active volcanoes. Every 2 years, three new ones are added to the existing volcanoes. This is an unpredictable and startling phenomenon! According to scientists, the first volcanoes appeared on the planet 4 billion years ago.

The oldest volcano is in Ukraine. Its name is Kara-Dag. Eruptions of this power occurred about 150 million years ago. At the moment, Kara-Dag is not a threat, which can not be said about his other famous brethren.

Krakatoa volcano Located in Indonesia in the Sunda Strait. A monstrous explosion from the depths of this mountain occurred in 1883. It is fixed that at that moment the shock wave of the volcano bypassed the globe 7 times and caused a giant tsunami that reached a height of 30 meters! As a result of such events, about 300 cities and settlements were destroyed.

People were literally burned in a cloud of fiery gas thrown out by a volcano. In the Istrian science explosion Krakatoa is the most powerful. The strength of his energy was 200,000 times higher than the nuclear explosion that destroyed Hiroshima!

Strong destruction destroyed Krakatau itself, but in 1927 the researchers discovered a new volcano. The Indonesians gave him the name Anak-Krakatau, which means "child Krakatau". Every year the young volcano adds in growth from 3 to 7 meters.

There are no settlements around it. Examples of emergency situations forced the Government of Indonesia to ban the residence of the population near the volcano. But the place itself has only benefited from this! In this area there are red wolves, wild boars, smoky leopard and the last Javanese rhinoceros preserved on the planet.

Vesuvius

This volcano is located in Italy. There is hardly anyone who would not have heard of Vesuvius. The strength of this eruption was destroyed not only by Pompeii, but also by the cities of Stabia and Herculaneum.

For a long time this mountain was considered a quiet sleeping volcano. But in the year 79, when the Italian people were in anticipation of the gladiators' fights, a cloud appeared in the sky. It grew in the eyes, falling asleep with all ashes. In the end, the sun disappeared from the field of vision and an ominous darkness came.

The city of Pompeii disappeared under a three-meter layer of ash. This tragic story is told by poets and immortalized by artists. The ruins of the ancient city are visited annually by about 3 million tourists.

Eruption of the volcano 2014

As early as the beginning of summer, specialists recorded seismic activity in the Bardarbunga area. However, it was not until the end of the summer that the volcano made people seriously worried. The first tremors and activity of magma researchers recorded in the column: "Volcanic eruption, 2014 August 18". The government of Iceland, concerned about the melting of glaciers, blocked many roads. Evacuation of local residents began to be made on August 20, 2014. Tourists who visited Iceland, too, were forced to return to their homeland. The eruption of the volcano Bardarbungi continued until October 2014.

Fires

Examples of emergencies show that as soon as people learned to erect building structures from wood and an abundance of flammable materials, fires began to occur. One of the most devastating fires occurred in the city of Boston (1872).

A crazy fireplace made a huge financial damage to the inhabitants of this area. As a result of the fire, an emergency has deprived thousands of local residents of their homes. Hundreds of enterprises were destroyed and dozens of insurance companies went bankrupt.

A number of mistakes and misunderstandings led to the fact that 766 buildings and 20 people burned down in the center of the city. For example, the blocking of the notification system was initially disabled. This was done because of frequent false reports. Fortunately, despite the huge losses, at that time ($ 70 million), Boston was able to rebuild after 2 years.

London burned in 1212. The fire killed about 3,000 people, about a third of the city was in ruins. This is not the first fire in the history of London. Before that, the fiery disasters were in 1130 and 1135. This great city burned 6 times. The largest fire is that which occurred in 1666. In that fire, 6 people were killed, but the fire caused serious material damage to London, destroying more than 13200 houses and 80 churches.

The only thing that created this fire was the destruction of the dirty slums associated with the Great Plague. Such a kind of cleaning helped London later to recover after the fire already in the cleaned places. Another sensational fire in the city of Rome came in 1964.

Fire in Rome and not only

Legends of this fiery disaster go to this day. One of them is that Emperor Nero deliberately decided to betray Rome to the flame to clear the territory for the construction of his palace in the future. But this version is not supported by evidence, and therefore remained at the level of conjecture. Although, later the emperor did erect a rich palace on the ruins, but several years later his power fell into decay.

According to historical facts, the flames raged in Rome for 5 days. Historians have eight more cities known to the world for catastrophic fires! These are Chicago (1871), San Francisco (1906), Pestigo (1871), Texas City (1967), Halifax (1917), Tokyo (1923). Particularly affected by natural disasters, the Tokyo.

The city was simultaneously attacked by a strong earthquake, and then it turned out to be flooded with a fire flame. The gusty wind carried fire in different directions. People tried to escape to open areas, but this did not save them from trauma and death.

It is known that in one of the city's squares more than 35 thousand people were suffocated by the smoke of surrounding burning buildings. Over 500 thousand people were lost, the deceased of the Tokyoites were counted 174 thousand. Surviving people for a long time remembered the exclamations: "Fire! Emergency!" No less significant fires occurred in Amsterdam (1421, 1452 years), in Moscow (1547, 1812), in Copenhagen (1728, 1795).

On the territory of Russia over the past 3 years, fires were recorded in industrial enterprises: in Yekaterinburg (2012) ignition occurred at a furniture plant, also at the Leningrad Mechanical Plant. Data on the dead and injured are not available.

In 2013, there were fires: at the bakery of the bakery in the town of Plasvkom, Tula region, at the oil depot in the Irkutsk region. In 2014, a gas-air mixture exploded in the shop of the Omsk plant, after which a fire broke out. In February of the same year, a fire occurred at the Stavrolen petrochemical plant in the city of Budyonnovsk, which took several days to complete, and the emergency situation caused 11 people to suffer injuries and burns.

Hurricanes and tornadoes

These natural cataclysms are related to wind meteorological phenomena. Activity cyclonic activity in the atmosphere contributes to the occurrence of hurricanes, storms and tornadoes. These natural phenomena can be characterized as the pressure of air masses with a certain force of dynamic impact and propulsive action. Photo of hurricanes and tornadoes vividly conveys to us the image of a powerful monster.

In the Russian territory, hurricanes often occur in the Kuril Islands, in Chukotka, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, in the Khabarovsk and Primorye Territories. Usually hurricanes appear in the autumn season and can be accompanied by snowfalls, hail, downpours. A crushing wind is capable of demolishing light buildings, damaging solid structures, breaking and tearing up trees.

Examples of emergencies convince that during a hurricane and a tornado people are seriously injured, injured and even killed. One of the strongest hurricanes is the one that struck in 1780 on the island of the Caribbean. The spontaneous wind swept its power from Newfoundland to Barbados. According to scientists, this hurricane killed about 22 thousand people. More than 600 thousand people were left homeless. The seven-meter wave of the hurricane demolished almost all the villages. Eyewitnesses mention that the air element was accompanied by an incredible rain, which literally tore the bark from the trees before they fell down.

Science is known for another hurricane with a beautiful name "Catherine". He originated in the Bahamas in 2005, gained power and poured out his rage on the American coast. The authorities were not ready for such a rapid development of events. A devastating hurricane claimed 1836 people.

On the territory of Russia, a tornado was recorded in Lublino, which fell on June 29, 1904. Eyewitnesses tell us that in broad daylight it has become dark. In the sky, lightning flashed everywhere. The main focus of the tornado began in Lublino, then moved to Simonov Monastery, Rogozhsky district and walked along the Lefortovo part, capturing both sides of the Yauza. Something unbelievable was happening in the streets! People fled to their homes, dodging the boards, bricks, iron sheets from roofs flying on them. The sound of a strong wind: the crackling, howling, the rumbling horrified. This tornado lasted no more than two minutes, but the witnesses of this spectacle shared their impressions for a long time. They were especially struck by the fact that on one of the main streets a solid stone fence was destroyed. The imposing massive factory pipe was deformed and lay on the pavement.

Floods

Long and intense precipitation in the form of showers lead to flooding. One can confidently say that in those regions where a strong wind prevails, a storm, a hurricane-flood is inevitable. It is considered surplus. This is subject to coastal areas. Underwater earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, floods occur due to tsunami waves.

This spontaneous phenomenon also occurs in connection with the rapid melting of snow, for example, on the rivers of the Northern Hemisphere. In the foothills and high valleys, floods are caused by breakthroughs of intraladic and lagging lakes.

The category of "major floods" is St. Petersburg (1824). During this natural disaster, the water level in the Neva River rose by 4,14-4,21 mm higher than usual. More than 100 people died. Another flood occurred in China (1931), counted more than 145 thousand dead.

In 1938, the water element hit the Chinese people once more. On the Russian territory, a fairly strong flood occurred in the Far East in 2013. It belongs to the category of "natural floods".

The cause of the water disaster was monsoon rains, because of which overcrowded rivers caused an unprecedented rise in water in the Amur. It should be noted that even in the fall of 2012, the rivers went under the winter with overflowing precipitation. According to statistics, 80 thousand people suffered from the flood, and the damage in agriculture was estimated at 8.5 billion rubles.

Instructions

So, some recommendations should help people in the event of a natural disaster. A person in an emergency situation is able to experience a shock, so you should first familiarize yourself with the rules of conduct at the time of the disaster.

If you are caught in a flood, then immediately try to climb to the upper floors, roofs and attics. Do not forget to give distress signals with a sheet or a towel, at night - a flashlight.

If the flood does not pose a significant threat, then before returning to your house, check to see if it is strong enough. Be sure to ventilate the living room to remove accumulated gases.

Beware of turning on electricity. First of all, you should check the reliability of the wiring and other communications. All the impurities brought by water are recommended to be cleaned as quickly as possible. This will prevent the spread of the infection. In the event that the flow of water is invincible and threatening, rescuers of the Ministry of Emergencies evacuate people from the place of natural disaster.

If there was an announcement of the population about the hurricane, then the first thing to close tightly all windows, doors and attic holes. With the approaching wind (storm, hurricane), it is important for a person to find a reliable shelter. Best if it's either the smallest room in the room or the basement.

It should be as far as possible from the door and window openings. The best thing is to lie on the floor and cover your head with your hands. If the individual was in a spontaneous invasion in a car on the roadway, then you need to immediately exit the vehicle. The fact that nearby there may not be rooms, ditches and pits, should not lead a person into despair. You should lie on the ground and try to protect your head with your hands.

Natural disasters, natural disasters are not uncommon in our country. Therefore, everyone is advised to have a backpack in the house in case there is an alert: "Emergency situation. Accident." In the backpack should be warm clothes, drinking water, first-aid kit with medicines, dry rations, copies of identity documents, a flashlight and a small amount of money. Periodically check the expiry date of products and medicines.

Forewarned is forearmed

Each individual disaster has its own characteristics: the nature of the defeat, the scale of destruction, the number of people affected. It is important to know the cause of the occurrence and the nature of the disaster. With the prudent behavior of the local population, it is possible to significantly reduce all types of losses.

The state emergency response system believes that the correct prediction of the occurrence and development of a natural disaster and the warning of the population for a long time are still the main problem. And we have to work on this.

In the event of emergencies, the organization of all operating structures should be present. The concerted actions of federal and local authorities, units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations combined with literate actions of the population make it possible to incur much less death and material loss. Parallel to this, the most effective measures are taken to eliminate the accident and its consequences.