Are the sprouts on the trees called?

If an unusual growth appeared on the tree, it means that the structure of this plant has undergone some strong changes.

One of the layers of any wood is the so-called cambium. And such growths usually grow up due to it. It turns out that the integrity of this very cambium was somehow broken by certain natural conditions or mechanical damage.

This article is devoted to this interesting phenomenon. After reading it, you can find out what kind of growths on the trees are called, and what their significance is.

Causes of growths

Usually on plants they arise as a result of a sharp change in its development, which has either a natural or anthropogenic cause.

The outgrowths sometimes occur in the form of simply rounded in form formations, but also in the form of several cones that are adjacent to each other. The latter is connected with the fact that when the integrity of the wood is broken for some reason, the tree tries to protect itself from various fungal diseases and insects, and therefore such unthinkable forms of education grow.

Trees on the trees: photo, name, general description

Cap (and kaporeny) is a growth on a tree with strongly deformed directions of wood fibers. For the most part, there are rounded outgrowths on a branch or trunk. They are filled with small knots of sleeping buds.

Growth kapy, as noted above, due to the cambium. This is a kind of defect of the tree trunk. But except kapov there are also other kinds of outgrowths: smooth (spherical) - suvel; Irregular form - the cancer of the tree.

Some kapy grow under the ground in the form of tumors on the roots. Therefore, they are found only after the death of the plant. Such radical growths in the trees sometimes represent several round (in the form of cones) bulges, connected by rope-like roots. Kapy are almost always covered with bark, even if they are under the ground (this is a natural protection against insects and diseases).

Some plant species have large growths. For example, such can be on the redwood. In 1984, an outgrowth of unthinkable size on eucalyptus was found in Australia. It reached about 2 m in diameter and in height, and its strange shape resembled a trombone.

Types of growths

Such growths are found on almost all types of trees, but most of all on deciduous trees. Especially often they are found on oak, pine, birch and alder. They can be completely different in form. Often there are growths on the tree in the form of mushrooms.

They divide these formations into two groups (according to the arrangement of the fibers in them): ordinary ones, in which the figure looks like a neatly combed hair-the sueval-shaft; Nodules with small, rounded and bizarrely curved lace patterns - kapy.

A cap formed on the trunk of a tree is called a stem, and a root is located at the root. The second is also called capocorn. He is in the forest much more often than the trunk.

The most rare, strong and beautiful, and therefore valuable, is the branch shoot (a growth on the branches of trees), which is relatively small (15 cm in diameter) and has a needle structure. And the most common (less dense and valuable) is the cap root, sometimes reaching a giant size. The stem is occupied by an intermediate position between the aforementioned species.

Value, feature

The outgrowths on the trees are of a variety of shapes and sizes. Very beautiful looks wood kapov in the following plants: maple, cherry, pear. On the international market, a growth in walnut is considered valuable. It should be noted that there have been cases when some kapy with a texture pattern were estimated for the weight of silver.

For the most part, small growths occur, but there are also specimens reaching 2 meters in diameter, and weighing more than one ton. And often it was that education was entirely amazing magic patterns.

At the birch, the growths are much smaller than on the walnut tree. It happens that they are much better than the latter in the beauty of their pattern.

Who would have thought that such a valuable property is possessed by a common knobby build-up on the tree!

Properties of kapovoi wood

Kapovaya wood has amazing, truly valuable properties:

• The natural uniqueness of the pattern on the cut, the uniqueness of the structure.

• Very high strength.

• Does not burn in free fire.

• Perfectly polished.

• Virtually does not rot.

• Does not crack, does not dry out and does not swell.

Economic importance and application

The sprouting on the trees is of no little use. Not to the plant itself, no. They are used by man in the production of various products. Kapy needed to produce unusual wood with a peculiar texture of the fibers. In connection with the variety of unique drawings, this material is widely in demand and used by artists, cabinet makers and sculptors.

There is a huge variety of known and common types of kapa used in the manufacture of veneers, beautiful interior items, table games, picture frames, household items, costume jewelery, etc. Such wood is not very easy to process due to its unevenness and heterogeneity of fiber growth directions, But it is strong and strong.

Widely used in decorative art. On Vyatka in the XIX century was created folk art: craftsmen made Vyatka kapovye boxes, desk sets, etc.

Research results

According to statistics, on average 3000 trees, without growths, on average, one kapovoe tree.

Since 1959, in connection with the value of such wood, the biological research of capes and methods of their cultivation has been taken up by the Central Research Institute of Forest Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Scientists have developed a technology for sowing and growing birch trees with kapami. As a result, a huge grove was planted in the suburbs. And since 1967, planting of such birch began to be made in forestry in the Kirov region.

How to get cap?

In any case, spoil the living tree in the forest because of the beautiful cap is not worth it. Especially since this natural anomaly is not so difficult to find - on trees in city parks, in gardens. And a large number of trees are annually cut down, on which it is possible to find hulls.

And yet ... In the case of an acute need to do this should be cautious and in the period from late autumn to early spring, when the movement of juice in the tree is slowed down.

The sprouting on the tree bark can be cut with a sharp knife or cut with a saw. It is necessary to cut the place of the cut with hydrogen peroxide and cover with the garden soap. It is also possible to lubricate a section of linseed oil or fresh gum (natural antiseptic), although today it is difficult to find.

And for gardeners, the following is important. To avoid the formation of such ugly forms of growth on garden trees, you need to inspect the plants more often. If there are cracks and damage, it is necessary to heal them until large caps have formed. In the gardens it is desirable to treat all the growths on trees and branches.

Conclusion

There were many opinions about the formation of capes. As a result, scientists came to this conclusion. Cap is a biologically normal phenomenon, protective. The formation of the build-up on the tree is a natural inherited natural process.

During numerous scientific observations it was found that such plants are more healthy. Such a tree is more viable during the spring high water and during periods of frequent temperature changes. It is also more stable with winds.

Due to limited stocks of this type of wood and in connection with the above-described its unique properties, this material is of greatest value among others.

The price on the world market for cap (veneer and mass) is much higher than the cost of any other material of this kind, including walnut, oak, mahogany , elm and any exotic breeds.