The trunk of the tree carries out the functions of the central highway, delivering nutrients from roots to leaves, flowers and fruits. In winter, it stores the substances necessary for life, in the summer it sap moves. Usually, trees have one trunk. It grows vertically Relation to the ground, but can be inclined or twisted as a result of any natural phenomena or external interference. The tree trunk increases in growth due to the apical bud - this is the main shoot of the whole plant. The division of the cambium increases the thickness. Wood - the main mass of the trunk is divided into annual rings. Above, the tree trunk covers the bark - the protective shell. Typically, this part of the plant is characterized by a shape close to the cylinder. A run of thickness occurs toward the top of the tree.
But sometimes even tree trunk suddenly starts to change, and in it in one or several places there is a growth or a drop. As a rule, these deviations occur as a result of any sharp shift in the development of a particular tree for reasons of natural nature or human intervention. Kapy can grow not only on the trunk, but also on the roots of trees. The sprouting on the trunk of a tree can be single, or it can be a group, connected by rope-like processes. Kapy are always covered with bark, even on roots. The sprouting is not considered a disease of the tree, but it is a defect for wood as a building material.
On the other hand, the wood texture of the cap ensures its relevance to Sculptors, designers, artists, cabinetmakers. It is appreciated for its beauty and uniqueness. It is caused by the growth of a tree in a certain locality: in the forest, in the mountains, near the reservoir. From the caps, veneer, furniture, table games, sculpture, baguette, jewelry, knife handles, car decoration, household items and much more are made. The wood of the growths is very difficult to handle both on machines and manually, because the fibers are unevenly distributed and uneven. Some of them are strongly twisted, which makes the cap unusually hard and durable. But the wood of the growths is indisputably very beautiful, it is widely used in applied art, caskets, caskets, utensils and other things are made of it.
Sometimes a change, similar to a drop, speaks of the disease of trees. The photo was taken from a tree on which the kapes were removed, and it is obvious that there are no textural changes in the wood. Diseases of the tree, as a rule, are complex processes that occur in a dense interdependence with the environment. They are very diverse in nature and in pathology. During the disease, the affected tissues die off, but the tree as a whole decreases its vitality. Also, these trees immediately attract the masses of stem pests - insects. Biologists share several types of diseases of trees: cancer, necrosis, rot (root and stem). The trees themselves often can not cope with the diseases themselves. In this they are helped by a man: in the garden - a gardener, in the forest - specialist biologist. But, unfortunately, the disturbed ecology of the planet brings more and more diseases of trees.