European North: natural resources, climate, geographic location

The geographical position of the European North predetermines the main climatic conditions, the possibility of developing this territory, as well as industrial production. The North seems to be fanned with romance, it contains many mysteries and mysteries. There are here their traditions, which are tremblingly transmitted from generation to generation.

Features and geographical location of the territory

The geographical position of the European North is quite interesting, profitable from the point of view of trade. This is what attracted seafarers always striving to get to these lands. The composition of the European North is well known; in this region are included such territories as the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Murmansk regions, the republics of Karelia, the Komi, and the Nenets Autonomous District. The district is located in the northern part of the Russian Plain, characterized by alternating elevations and plains. On the Kola Peninsula there are the mountains of the Khibiny, which were formed due to the emergence of the Russian platform on the surface of the crystalline base. For a long period of time, various parts of the platform periodically rose and fell on this site. When the sedimentary rocks hit the cavities, even sections were formed. The glaciers have contributed to this process. It was thanks to them that the final form of the territory of the Russian North was formed.

Economic situation

This region has an excellent economic and geographical position, determined by the seaside location. It borders the region with some regions of Central Russia. Favorable geographical location of the European North defines the main areas of population activity in these territories. Sedimentary deposits located in the northeast of this region are rich in deposits of gas, oil, and coal. Deposits of non-ferrous and ferrous metals are found on the Kola Peninsula and in Karelia. They predetermine the main industrial production, developed in this territory.

Climate specificity

The European North is distinguished by the degree of illumination and surface heating depending on the season. The northern region is outside the Arctic Circle, so there is a polar night here. It lasts depending on the latitude from 1 to 64 days. During this period, the sun does not exit to the horizon, so it's cold and dark here. The cities of the European North are characterized by harsh winters. For example, in Arkhangelsk, air temperature can drop to -45 degrees. Summer in this area is short, pretty cool. Water in the White Sea, located in the Arkhangelsk region, warms up to +23 degrees. The reason for such low temperatures is the cold Arctic air. In the summer, precipitation prevails in the second half of the summer, in August, autumn comes in this region.

Water system

Analyzing the composition of the European North, we note that the system of rivers and lakes is quite developed on this territory. Most of them are navigable, they are rightfully proud of the European North. The natural resources of the territory include not only minerals, but also fish of different breeds. Her northerners have always been proud. Salmon, which was caught on the river Onega, that in the Arkhangelsk region, was delivered by special train to the royal table. On the rapids of the Kola Peninsula and Karelia, the hydroelectric power station was built. Currently, a project is being implemented to build a tidal power plant in the Mezenskaya Bay of the White Sea. After the implementation of the planned plans, cheap and safe electric energy will be produced in the Arkhangelsk region, which many residents of the European North will be able to use.

Natural Areas

Analyzing the basic natural conditions and resources of the European North, it is important to mention that in the north of the region there is a tundra zone. It is here that there are excellent pastures for reindeer. The rest of the territory is taiga, it is famous for the European North. The natural resources of the region are known far beyond our country. The productivity of soils in the region is minimal, therefore agriculture is developed in the north insignificantly.

Population

Severe climatic conditions can hardly be called attractive, therefore the European North can not boast of a high population density. Resources of the region are mainly associated with the processing of wood, mining (processing) of stone and non-ferrous ores. More than 70 percent of the entire northern population lives in cities. In addition to Russian people in the European North there are representatives of the Finnish language group (Karelians, Komi), Nenets.

Economic activity

The largest cities of the European North - Petrozavodsk, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Severodvinsk - are considered to be developed industrial centers. In recent years, in the Arkhangelsk region, special attention has been paid to the development of Severodvinsk. Here is the largest in Russia, the ship repair center "Star", which performs the largest orders of the Russian government. There is also a factory "Sevmash", known throughout the world. It is from here that the most modern and high-quality submarines come out capable of performing the most complex combat missions.

Recently, the development of the European North is gaining momentum. First of all, the volume of timber production and sales increased. From the Arkhangelsk, Onega seaports ships with forests to European countries leave. Such sectors of the European North as pulp and paper, sawmill industry are also based on green gold. In this area, one-fourth of all Russian timber is harvested, half of the domestic paper is produced, and a fifth of modern sawn timber.

Most of the timber reserves are in the basins of Pechora, Northern Dvina, in the Republic of Karelia.

The main centers of sawmilling are Arkhangelsk, Onega, Kondopoga, Syktyvkar. In addition to timber, the industry of the European North is associated with chemical processing, non-ferrous metallurgy.

In Cherepovets (Vologda region) is the country's largest metallurgical plant, which has a full cycle. This enterprise operates on coal mined in the Pechora Basin and ores of the Kostomuksha and Kovdor deposits.

Karelia and the Kola Peninsula are represented by the initial and basic stages of non-ferrous metallurgy. The aluminum plant is located in Kandalaksha, and the copper ore processing plant operates in Monchegorsk, both are part of the European North. Natural resources, such as apatites, are recognized as high-quality raw materials for the production of phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers. The European North, the Pechora Coal Basin area, is a storehouse of gas and oil fields. The Timano-Pechora industrial and territorial complex covers the entire north-eastern part of the region.

In addition to the application on the territory of the region, fuel is supplied to the Central part of the Russian Federation. Mechanical engineering is concentrated in Vologda and Petrozavodsk. But Arkhangelsk and Murmansk are proud of their fishing industry, for this there are all the natural conditions and resources of the European North, starting with waterways, fishing fleet, finishing with fish cannery.

Modern realities

Currently, the region is looking for ways to survive and develop in the difficult economic conditions that have developed in the country. Difficult relations with European countries negatively affected the export of fish, forestry and fur industry suffered. As a result of a sharp decline in production in the region, there is a significant outflow of qualified personnel. People try to leave the conditions of extreme existence in the central regions of Russia. New development programs should stop this process, attract new professionals to the region. There are also ecological problems in the European North, first of all they concern pollution of water and forest resources.

Population and traditions of the European North

Harsh life has left its imprint on the indigenous population of the North. People here are calm, sensible, affable. Each family has its own traditions, which are passed on to the younger generation. For example, in the villages of the Arkhangelsk Province, a small spoon was placed in the cradle instead of a toy for a newborn girl. Growing up, the girl first played it, and then, along with older sisters and mother learned to spin. As she grew, her spinning wheel grew. A girl with 12 years of age herself collected a dowry for the wedding. Despite the fact that dozens of years have passed, this custom has survived. Given the current realities, the spinning wheel was replaced with a modern sewing machine. Pomeranian beauties always caught on themselves the admiring looks of the guys. They are not only the most beautiful, but also hard-working, hospitable, real mistresses and needlewomen.

Onega - a city near the White Sea

This small provincial northern town is known far beyond Russia. It is here, at the very White Sea, live Pomors, which once crafted together with Peter I Russian ships. But not only the shipyards are proud of the city. It was from here, from the Onega land, that the salmon was delivered to the king's table. Despite the difficult economic conditions of the present, a large timber processing plant is successfully operating and periodically modernizing. In Onega, there is a fish factory that grows salmon fry. Having gained a certain weight, fry leaves the walls of their native plant, they are let out, giving the chance to develop in natural natural conditions.

The population of the city is a little over 20 thousand people, but all residents are distinguished by their devotion to their native land. Of particular interest is the small island of Kiy, located near Onega. It was here that Nikon was hiding, escaping from the Solovetsky Monastery. The nature of Kiya is unique, it is sung by many poets, depicted on the canvases of domestic and foreign artists.

Conclusion

The European North, whose natural resources are diverse, includes many small towns. They have their own history, traditions, production. The harsh climate only tempered the hearts and character of the northerners, gave confidence that they have something to be proud of. The North is not afraid of difficulties, numerous programs are being developed for the region's economic growth, support of young cadres. Only those who truly love the endless forests and blue lakes will be able to understand the northern beauty.