Climatic zones of Eurasia. Mainland Eurasia

Analyzing the data of observations of weather conditions and their seasonal changes, scientists designated climatic belts of Eurasia. On the territory of the mainland, all their diversity is represented. Each belt is divided into separate areas with special climatic conditions.

If you bring together the climatic zones of Eurasia, the table will be in the form of ramifications. This is due to the fact that in each of them there are smaller zones, which also break up.

Arctic belt

The characteristic of the climatic zones of Eurasia begins with the Arctic. Its zone includes islands located far to the north of the continent, and a small continental strip in the Asian part, which borders on the Arctic Ocean.

• The marine Arctic climate is located in the European sector of the Arctic Ocean. It includes Spitsbergen and other small islands. They are influenced by the warm current from the North Atlantic, which leads to mild winters with temperatures ranging from -16 to -20 ºC. A year falls to 300 mm of precipitation.
• The continental Arctic climate is characterized by cold, dry air currents. Under their action, the whole ocean is under the ice crust all year round, except for coastal waters. From the territory dominated by this climate, cold currents move to the south.

Subarctic belt

It stretches along a narrow strip along the mainland. The cold climatic belt of Eurasia includes Fr. Iceland and the northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. To the east of the continent the zone expands, approaching the Bering Strait. The belt is located between the boundaries of the Arctic front in summer and winter. In the warm season, it is affected by moderate air currents, and in the cold - Arctic. The belt is divided into two regions: continental and marine. The latter captures Iceland and part of the islands west of Scandinavia. Precipitation drops in the amount of 300-700 mm per year in the form of snow and rain. The climate is characterized by warm winters (-5 and -10 ºC) and cold summers (up to +10 ºC).

Temperate zone

The moderate climatic belt of Eurasia has a border running from the southern coast of the Bay of Biscay and crossing the Black and Caspian Seas. It extends to the northern part of the peninsula of Korea and the middle of Fr. Honshu.

In the territory of this zone the winds of temperate latitudes prevail throughout the year. The main part of Eurasia within the belt is influenced by the following climates:

• Moderately continental: under his authority is the entire Russian Plain.
• Continental: Siberia, Central and Central Asia.
• Monsoon was formed in north-eastern China, on the Korean peninsula, Fr. Hokkaido and the northern part of. Honshu.

In winter, the region is dominated by dry frost air coming from the pressure center in Central Asia. In summer, air masses are warm with a high moisture content, falling into this region with the Pacific monsoon. In summer, more than half of the annual rainfall rate falls. Winter is frosty and the summer is hot.

Moderate climatic belt in Western Europe is divided into 2 subregions: northern and southern.

Northern subregion

The zone includes Fennoscandia and Scotland. Characterized by a temperate climate with a cold summer. Subdomain is divided into 2 areas:

• Marine is a Norwegian type of climate in the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and in the north of Great Britain. Summer here is cool and short-lived. There is a lot of precipitation in the form of rain and snow. The weather is almost always cloudy, damp with constant winds.
• Continental - Swedish type of climate in the same country and Finland. The cold season in this area is frosty. A snow cover is formed. The summer period is short, cool and rainy. On the flat tops of the Scandinavian mountains, a cool climate with high humidity and average temperatures in the summer is no more than +10 ºC.

Southern subregion

It includes the following climatic regions:

• Marine formed in the European countries adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. Characterized by mild winters without negative average temperatures. The summer period is moderately warm. Winds in the area are strong and blow often, rains are plentiful.
• Transitional from marine to continental. In winter, a snow cover is formed, which does not last long. Within 2-3 months the average temperatures are below zero. The summer period is more hot and humid. Spring and autumn are distinctly expressed. The climate in the eastern part of the German-Polish lowland was formed.
• Continental is located on the territory of the plains near the Danube. In summer temperatures reach + 22-24 ºC. Precipitation falls slightly. In winter, frequent frosty winds from the east and north, causing a rapid decrease in temperature, are frequent visitors.
• Hercynian middle mountains. The humidity in this area is high, compared to the plains located at the foot. The western slopes are more abundant with rain than the eastern slopes. The temperatures in the mountains are lower, and the snow cover remains for 3-5 months.
• Alpine is characterized by high humidity, mountain peaks with low temperatures, snow cover and glaciers.

Subtropical belt

The subtropical climatic belt of Eurasia goes through the whole continent from one ocean to another. In his power is the entire southern part of the Old World, the uplands of the Near East up to 30 ° N. Sh., The northern part of the Arabian Peninsula, Tibet and the basin of the river. Changjiang. A characteristic feature is that in summer the air is dry and hot, and in the winter it is humid and warm.

The climatic zones of Eurasia are subdivided into smaller areas with special conditions. Their magnitude depends, first of all, on the relief and proximity of large water bodies. The following climatic zones are distinguished in the subtropical belt:

• The Mediterranean Sea formed on some of the peninsulas (the Apennines, the Balkans) from the sea and is characterized by sultry summer and mild winters.
• The continental Mediterranean is located in the European part of the Mediterranean countries, the western and southern coast of Asia Minor. On weather conditions it is similar to the previous one. The temperature in winter varies from +2 to +12 ºC in different areas. In the plains, the annual precipitation is about 500-600 mm of precipitation, while in the mountainous areas it drops to 3000 mm.
• Continental. Precipitation falls a little: 100-400 mm per year, the bulk falls on the autumn-winter period. Formed in the uplands of the Near East, in the north of the Arabian Peninsula. During the year, the temperature fluctuations reach 90 ° C.
• The highland subregion is in the region of Tibet. In the winter, there is little snow, the summer is dry and cold. Only the east of Tibet is rich in rainfall, which is supplied with a monsoon moisture from the Pacific Ocean. Here, the dry and cool air is fixed year-round.
• Monsoon. The eastern part of the Yangtze has a climate with high humidity. The monsoon from the Pacific Ocean rains in the summer, when they fall ¾ of the annual norm. Fronts contribute to rainfall in the cold season. Depending on the relief, their number varies from 700 to 2000 mm per year.

Tropical Belt

The mainland Eurasia climatic belt has a variety, including the tropical trade winds. It includes: the Thar desert, the south of the Arabian Peninsula and the southern part of the Iranian plateau. During all seasons, tropical air masses predominate. In the summer, the heat, winter is warm. High temperature changes during the day are high. In the region, there is a lack of precipitation, for the most part their annual number does not exceed 100 mm. The exception is the Yemeni Mountains, where they fall 400-1000 mm.

Subequatorial belt

It was formed on the territory of Fr. Ceylon, the peninsulas of Hindustan and Indochina, the south of China and a number of other islands. In winter, dry air masses come from the continent, and in summer - wet from the Indian Ocean. Spring is the hottest time. The winter-spring period is very dry, and the summer-autumn is wet.

If we compare the climatic zones of Eurasia, then the subequatorial belt has very contrasting half-years. During the year dry and wet periods alternate.

Equatorial belt

If you compose the climatic zones of Eurasia, the table will get very bloated due to their number. Equatorial belt is the most southern region of the continent. It was formed on most of the islands and peninsulas at the equator. Precipitation during the year is evenly distributed with 2 peak periods.

Other climatic zones of Eurasia do not have such high average annual temperatures as this. The amount of precipitation is 1500-4000 mm per year.