Economic conflicts: reasons, ways of resolution

Human civilization has a great many achievements of various kinds. Among them - a market that can effectively manage economic conflicts. The life of the society can not be imagined without market relations. The economic aspect of social life is one of the most important. However, it is common for a society to enter periodically into various kinds of conflict situations, among which the economic ones are not the last.

The economic theory of conflicts

Acting in their own interests, people continuously adapt to changes in society, have the opportunity to choose, interact with each other. As a result, economic conflicts may arise in the sphere of consumption and production. Therefore, economic theory offers certain methods for resolving this type of conflict.

According to economic science, which establishes the connection between the needs of people in society, the economic activity of man is prone to rationalism. People in the majority of them aspire to a parity of the needs with incomes and ways of their achievement. This suggests that there is always an opportunity for a favorable regulation of situations that cause economic conflicts of various types.

Types

The concept of conflict implies a confrontation of the subjects of society with unequal necessary vital benefits, opportunities for ensuring well-being, comfort in certain layers of society.

The following types of economic conflicts stand out:

• Participants in domestic and family conflicts (husband, wife, children, etc.);
• Workers and employer;
• The enterprise and the power structure that regulates activities
• Entrepreneurs;
• Applicants for rent (privileges and licenses);
• Participants in cartels;
• Different social classes and the economic conflicts that arise between them because of social problems;
• The state and the social strata of the population who are on welfare: pensioners, low-income, disabled, students, unemployed and parents of small children who do not have income;
• Professional categories of citizens, with the aim of redistributing resources in their own interests;
• Plaintiffs in court and defendants in the suit;
• The federal center and regions in connection with resource problems;
• Political organizations that enter into economic conflicts because of disagreements;
• Countries that defend economic interests.

Components and functions

In the majority, the economic conflict has an objective component. The state is the main regulator of economic relations and performs a public function. He has at his disposal a powerful administrative, tax, customs and other tools of the public-legal industry. The society is the bearer of public interests and the subject of economic relations.

The functions of an economic conflict are the impact of the conflict or its results on the opponents, their relationship to the social and material environment.

How are socio-economic conflicts developing?

The main reason for the occurrence of such situations is the contradictory nature of economic interests. Before the flare up and resolve to the full, the conflict goes through the stages of development:

• Contradictions are formed between the parties;
• A potential conflict develops into a real one;
• There are conflicting actions;
• Removing the voltage and resolving the situation.

It is often said that the cause of economic disputes is mercantilism, that is, the search for sources of wealth and its growth through the introduction.

What losses do social and economic conflicts cause?

As a rule, economic disputes entail costs:

• Transactional to courts, organization of contracts, etc .;
• Losses under force majeure, etc .;
• Costs for the resolution of the conflict situation itself, and the longer it lasts, the higher they are.

To talk about the situation that leads to the development of economic conflicts, it is possible, when observed:

• Violation of feedback;
• Lack of control over arrangements;
• The absence of legislation describing the responsibility of the parties for violation of the deadlines or failure to fulfill the tasks and obligations stipulated;
• The existence of bills that came into force, but in fact not working.

Essence and reasons

All conflicts in the economic sphere can be divided into open and closed forms, and by type of interaction - full-time, when there is direct interaction, and in absentia, if there is a presence of third parties from any side.

The concept, expressing the essence of economic conflicts, arose in the middle of the nineteenth century in German terminology and denoted the clash of interests, serious differences, opposing views, contradictions between subjects with the prevailing objective conditions. The first meaning of the German word is "to collide together".

Conflict is a conscious confrontation of the parties involved in it. In the economic sphere, it arises from the use and appropriation of material, financial resources, organization, management, disposal of goods and their distribution.

All the causes of socio-economic conflicts at their root have a contradiction of economic interests. This is not only the level of people and enterprises, it can be different groups of people with the opposite direction of economic thought.

Objects and subjects

Objects of science that study economic conflicts are money, production facilities, production factors (labor, land, information resources, capital), stocks, real estate, bonds, patents, copyright, credit products, etc.

Subjects in economic conflictology will be the legal entity, physical persons, state bodies, governments of countries. The subject matter are: the processes that accompany the conflict and the methods of settlement. Conflicts in the economy can arise at the micro, meso, macro and megaeconomic levels.

The impact of globalization and the knowledge factor

Today, there is much talk about globalization, about the looming threat of polarization of the world, where the gap between rich and poor is constantly increasing. In this regard, international economic conflicts are inevitable, which are fraught with armed clashes. In order to avoid catastrophic consequences, it is necessary to observe international law, develop international trade, and build civilizational relations. Only in this case is it possible to improve the welfare of countries, regardless of their initial level of development and monetary balance.

To unleash economic conflict between different states, it is necessary to use expensive means of economic policy. Therefore, it is more profitable not to enter into a confrontation, but to develop trade relations. The processes of globalization accelerate the development of scientific and technological progress, which leads to the emergence of new means for coordinating solutions to global problems and the stability of the world economy.

The economic confrontation between states was present at all times in the development of human society. The modern development of globalization aims to remove the very causes of economic conflicts that can lead to open confrontations and the outbreak of war. However, countries have been and will continue to struggle for markets, factors of production, and especially important recently is the factor of knowledge production, which leads to the development of the knowledge economy.

Knowledge is a factor of economic strength necessary for production growth. If the monopoly is preserved, the first discoverers of the knowledge economy can have superprofits. As a result, there is a control over high technologies and their export. This, above all, concerns the advanced countries, which pay increased attention to the protection of intellectual property. But because of liberalism in relation to copyright law, there are conflicts in the economic sphere of knowledge. Accordingly, the struggle for knowledge and the establishment of one or another order regarding their dissemination is an important factor in international conflicts.

With the growth of the planet's population, conflicts are escalating. The struggle for resources is conducted to obtain the right to use them, in order to limit the capabilities of the enemy. This is especially true for energy sources. It's no secret that the power of the states, which are still considered developing: China, India and others, is growing stronger. As their power increases, conflicts will worsen. This is particularly acute in the sphere of investment.

The causes of economic and political conflicts at the international level can be global demographic and environmental problems, the solution of which requires high costs and concerted action in the world community. However, here there are controversial questions about the originator of the problem and the distribution of the burden of expenditure for its solution. Today the main conflict issue is globalization itself. There are heated debates between opponents and supporters of globalization. At the level of international relations, this is a conflict between countries benefiting from global processes and remaining without it.

Overcoming problems

On the issue of overcoming economic backwardness and the influence of globalization itself on these processes, there were conflicting opinions. Opponents believe that global changes are beneficial only to developed and influential countries, expanding their influence at the expense of underdeveloped states, which will eventually remain infringed, which will entail economic conflicts. Examples of such confrontations are evident today. The world is so tense that it is extremely difficult to talk about the general growing prosperity. The impoverishment of some, and vice versa, off scale the wealth of others - is the result of today's international economic policies of many states. Only time will tell who was right - supporters or opponents of globalization. But so far it seems that the opponents of the world community have a preponderance in the arguments.

Conflicts of an economic nature are different in their manifestation. Examples are: economic blockades, competition, embargoes, strikes of various types, etc. It must also be understood that any compaction of the social mass, accompanied by an increase in the population, causes the problem of the division of labor.

The ideas of the new international economic order, the demands of developing countries in relation to the world currency and international trade relations, formed the basis for a program to establish a new world order in the economy and in the whole world community. However, the proclaimed principles of the free market, equality of opportunities in reality do not work and often turn against a weak partner. In addition, the existing system is not able to solve the global problems of modern society.

Developing countries want more access to the industrial markets of developed countries. They want to really control the activities of transnational corporations, expand the opportunities for developing advanced technologies, exclude economic pressure, become active participants in leading organizations in the international arena and, together with developed countries, exercise control in international trade. The assistance provided by developed countries, strong on the world stage, is built on certain conditions and is of a related nature. And the needy countries want this assistance to be unconditional.

As a result, all changes in the economic system on the international platform are still being implemented without mutual benefit. Many states remain one on one with their problems and act on the principle "saving a drowning man is the work of the drowning man himself". Such a concept contradicts all the principles of the world community.

Polarization and security

The security of the international system is the way to resolve the economic conflict, when equality and mutually beneficial cooperation in the economic sphere will be achieved. Collective economic security will be effective when it can meet the interests of all participants in international relations - the weakest and the strongest. This suggests that economic partners with a less developed level of development will insist on the redistribution of income, the creation of favorable conditions for trade and the provision of benefits. Is this possible to the fullest?

The polarization of the world to "East-West" or "North-South" becomes too obvious. The availability of information in this light plays an essential role. Each side of the conflict situation always has not only positive features, but also negative ones. There arises mutually exclusive interpretations. The scale of the conflict is affected by the identity of each people, the difference in cultural and spiritual values. And in the context of global informatization, a significant difference, it can be said, a whole gulf between the well-being of different nationalities and strata of the population has become even more evident. In addition, she reminds herself constantly. All this can not but lead to an increase in tensions and the development of economic conflicts of varying degrees of complexity.

From the standpoint of neoclassical and classical economics, the contradiction that arises among economic interests is a temporary phenomenon. Such mismatch will disappear. Long-term plans will lead to the resolution of contradictions, to the emergence of harmony of interests. The main thing in this matter is adherence to the principles of free economic policy and observance of individual interests. Public interest should be the consequence of respecting individual interests. Therefore, the task of states on the way to solving economic contradictions is the formation of conditions for the development of a free economy, without interference in the economic processes themselves.

From the standpoint of economic liberalism, the world economy is a huge workshop, where all participants in the process of creating wealth, the result of aggregate labor in all spheres of production, various professions and types of labor compete. This is a multi-level social phenomenon, where the true source of wealth can be the division of labor, facilitating the production process and giving a high result.