Domestic waters of Russia - national property

What are the internal waters of Russia? These are numerous sources of moisture: lakes, marshes, rivers, artificial reservoirs, underground waters, glaciers and permafrost. Water is essential for life on Earth and is one of the most important natural resources. All internal waters are connected with each other and with the environment, representing a cycle. This is part of the landscape, which has a huge impact on its structure.

Water balance

The internal waters are distributed unevenly throughout Russia. This is due in large part to the ratio of precipitation and evaporation, which make up the balance. Some areas are arid. There are not a lot of rivers and lakes here, but precipitation is very rare. Surface waters are insignificant, and ground waters are located at great depth. Unlike these areas, some lands are saturated with moisture. A large network of surface, ground and interplastic sources is located on their territory. Therefore, we can say that the internal waters of Russia, due to a large number of climatic zones, have a different degree of distribution. Human economic activity also affects the change in water balance.

Rivers

Of great importance for normal life of Russia are rivers. They constitute a significant part of inland waters. The country is rich in large river systems. They are used for fishing, shipping, power generation, irrigation and water supply. The state of the river depends on climatic conditions and features of the relief. Therefore, they are unevenly distributed in Russia . The largest rivers cross several climatic zones at once. Many of them are navigable and are a source of hydropower. Thus, the Yenisei, flowing through the steppes, forest-steppe, taiga, forest-tundra and tundra, flows into the Kara Sea. There are three large basins, where most of the rivers are concentrated . This is the Aral-Caspian basin and basins of the Pacific and Arctic oceans. The source of the rivers are underground waters, glaciers, rain, rainwater and melting snow. Their type depends on this.

Lakes

The distribution of lakes is also uneven. The largest number of them is concentrated in Karelia and the Central Lowland. There are practically none in the forest-steppe zone. This factor depends on the terrain and humidity of the climate. Lakes are mostly tectonic and volcanic in origin. The regime of these reservoirs depends on the source. There are flowing lakes (they are fed by flowing and outflowing rivers) or drainage (usually these are saline sources). The water temperature in the reservoirs rises sharply in the summer and significantly decreases in the winter. By their nature, these internal waters of Russia are short-lived. This is due to natural factors and human economic activities.

Groundwater

The relief and vegetation types depend on the qualitative characteristics of the soil sources. Most of the country's territory is favorable for the formation of this type of inland waters. Only the depth of their occurrence differs. They are the most important source for feeding rivers. Much deeper is the underground water, which sometimes form artesian basins. Of great importance are underground thermal springs, found in many areas of the country.

Permafrost and wetlands

These internal waters of Russia occupy a small volume in the total mass, but play an important role in the system of the natural complex and people's lives. Groundwater prevails in the region of permafrost. Wetlands are rich in peat, which is used to operate power plants and fertilize the soil. All internal waters of Russia - rivers, lakes, underground and ground, glaciers and marshes - are of great importance for human life. This is one of the main riches of the natural complex, which must be protected and multiplied.