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Cystoscopy of the bladder in women and men: a description of the procedure

Cystoscopy of the bladder in women and men is carried out quite often. This is an extremely informative procedure that helps to evaluate the functioning of the bladder and to detect a number of diseases even at the initial stages. But patients are interested in questions about how cystoscopy is performed, whether it is associated with any complications.

What is cystoscopy?

Cystoscopy is an endoscopic research method that allows you to examine the inner surface of the bladder and urinary tract. It is worth noting that this procedure is of extremely important diagnostic value, since it helps to determine the presence of certain diseases and even carry out certain medical measures without the help of a surgeon.

The cystoscope is a special apparatus, resembling a long, narrow tube. Outside, the tube is surrounded by a metal cylinder, as well as a special lighting system. In the center of the cylinder there are also additional channels that are intended for insertion into the bladder of instruments (for example, catheters, forceps, electrodes, etc.).

It is also worth noting that today two types of cystoscopes are used. There are standard stiff instruments and so-called flexible cystoscopes, which provide less discomfort.

This procedure is carried out in patients of both sexes. Nevertheless, it is believed that the cystoscopy of the bladder in men is much more difficult and necessarily requires local anesthesia - a strong discomfort associated with the characteristics of the anatomical structure.

Indications for the procedure

If there are any problems in the work of the urinary system, patients are recommended endoscopic examination. Cystoscopy of the bladder in women, men and children is carried out in the presence of such ailments and symptoms as:

  • The presence of blood in the urine samples;
  • Frequent inflammation of the bladder;
  • Disorders of urination, the cause of which could not be detected with the help of other diagnostic methods;
  • enuresis;
  • Chronic pain in the lower abdomen and in the pelvic region;
  • The presence of atypical cells in urine samples;
  • Increased contractile activity of the bladder;
  • Presence or suspected presence of stones in the urinary tract;
  • Neoplasms in the bladder that were detected during ultrasound or computed tomography (cyst, polyp, tumor, etc.);
  • Suspected development of interstitial cystitis.

In any case, it should be understood that only the attending physician can prescribe the procedure.

Preparation for cystoscopy of the bladder

Of course, in order for the procedure to give the most accurate results, it is necessary to properly prepare for it. More precisely about the precautions and recommendations you will be told by the attending physician. Nevertheless, be sure to tell your doctor about all medications you take, as some of them can affect the reliability of the results. In particular, the list of prohibited drugs can include various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs for the treatment of arthritis, as well as some painkillers. Also it is necessary to at least temporarily refuse to take aspirin and anticoagulants, as these drugs increase the likelihood of bleeding.

In addition, cystoscopy of the bladder in women is not performed during menstruation - in such cases, the procedure is simply carried over to another time. In the evening, on the eve of the procedure, it is recommended to take an antibacterial agent of a wide range of effects (for example, the drug "Monural", although the doctor will tell you about it more precisely). One packet helps to get rid of a lot of complications in the future.

Extremely important is the purity of the external genitalia. Therefore, the preparation for cystoscopy of the bladder also includes morning hygiene procedures, because otherwise there is a high probability of entering a bacterial or fungal infection in the urinary tract. If the procedure is carried out under general anesthesia, it is better to do nothing in the morning.

For local anesthesia, as a rule, special anesthetics are used, which are injected directly into the urethra. You usually need to buy these medications on your own - be sure to ask your doctor about it.

There is an opinion that before cystoscopy you can not go to the toilet, since the bladder should be complete. In fact, this statement is incorrect, because if necessary the doctor himself will introduce the necessary amount of fluid into the cavity of the bladder.

How do cystoscopy of the bladder? Description of the procedure

Immediately it is worth noting that cystoscopy can be performed both in outpatient and in inpatient settings. Before starting the doctor determines whether the patient needs anesthesia. General anesthesia is indicated for surgical interventions and medical interventions-in such cases an anesthesiologist should be near the patient.

For convenience, the patient is offered to sit in a special chair, similar to a gynecological chair. If a person is conscious, the urethra is treated with an anesthetic, for example, Prilokain or Lidocaine - these substances have freezing properties and make the tissues less sensitive. Today, more and more popular are special gels that not only anaesthetize the internal walls of the urethra, but also lubricate the urinary tract well, eliminate friction.

What does cystoscopy look like? First, the cystoscope is carefully lubricated with sterile glycerin. This product is perfectly suitable as a lubricant, since it does not violate the transparency of the optical medium.

After inserting the instrument into the cavity of the bladder, the doctor releases residual urine. Further, a solution of furacilin is supplied thereto in order to rinse and disinfect the walls of the bladder. In the future, the doctor determines the capacity of the bladder - for this purpose the same furacilin solution is fed into it. The patient is asked to inform the doctor that he has felt the urge to urinate.

When the bladder is full, the doctor can begin to examine the mucous membrane. Particular attention is paid to the bottom of the bladder, as it is most often where inflammatory or pathological processes are localized.

In some cases, the procedure is combined with chromocystoscopy. With this procedure, a solution of indigo carmine, a blue dye, is injected intravenously to the patient. The use of contrast medium allows to determine the activity of each of the ureters and, accordingly, to assess the work of the kidneys.

Rigid cystoscopy and its features

In addition to the standard procedure, there is also a rigid cystoscopy. This technique is widely used not only to examine the mucous membrane of the bladder, but also to remove these or other formations. In particular, this is the way cystoscopy is performed with a bladder biopsy, when a physician needs laboratory tests of tissue samples. In addition, with the help of an endoscope, polyps, small cysts, tumors, etc. can also be removed.

Quite often this type of cystoscopy is performed under general anesthesia. Local anesthesia is also possible - the anesthetic is injected into the back, as this helps to anesthetize the body below the waist.

Cystoscopy and therapeutic manipulations

Quite often, cystoscopy in women, men and children is associated with various medical measures. In particular, during the endoscopic examination of the bladder the doctor can carry out such procedures as:

  • Stop bleeding, the source of which are the tissues of the urinary tract;
  • Removal of benign or malignant neoplasms in the bladder;
  • Elimination of obstructions;
  • Neat destruction of stones in the bladder or urinary tract;
  • Dissection of the existing stricture in the mouth of the ureter or urethra;
  • Catheter installation;
  • Carrying a plucked biopsy.

As can be seen, cystoscopy of the bladder (photo is in the article) is not only a diagnostic, but also a minimally invasive medical procedure. And this is also important.

What to expect after the procedure?

After cystoscopy, the doctor will be able to inform you immediately about the presence of certain problems, as well as give the necessary recommendations. Exceptions are only those cases when the procedure involves a biopsy, - it will be necessary to wait for the results of laboratory studies.

It should be noted that most often within a few days patients feel the pain and pain of one or another intensity during urination. This phenomenon is perfectly normal - you just have to wait until everything passes. But using pain medication is not recommended, since most of these drugs dilute blood, increase the chance of bleeding.

Cystoscopy of the bladder in women (and in men) can cause pulling pains in the lower abdomen, which also disappear after a few days. The first day may change the color of urine - often it is brownish, and sometimes with visible impurities of blood. This is also regarded as quite normal. Patients are advised to drink more fluid in order to quickly clear the bladder and change the chemical composition of urine.

Sometimes doctors prescribe antibiotic drugs to patients - this is a preventive measure that helps to prevent the development of infectious diseases and inflammatory processes.

If your condition worsens day by day, then it is worthwhile to see a doctor. Potentially serious situations include back pain, urinary retention, fever, and the formation of blood clots in the urine - there is no way to do without the help of a specialist.

Are complications possible?

Many patients, when preparing for the procedure, are interested in whether there are any side effects to which cystoscopy can lead. Complications in this case are possible. The most common consequences include trauma to the urethra. Sometimes during the procedure, the urethra is injured, and the patient can form a so-called "false move" for urine.

Retention of urine is another dangerous condition, which, however, is not diagnosed very often. Trauma of certain areas of the urinary system leads to bleeding - sometimes blood clots can block the urinary tract, which poses a threat to human health.

The most common complications include urinary tract infections. Penetration and activity of bacterial, viral and fungal microorganisms lead to urethritis and cystitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder). In more severe cases, the infection penetrates deeper, affecting the tissues of the kidneys, which ends with pyelonephritis. Fortunately, the preventive intake of antibacterial agents reduces the probability of bacterial inflammation to a minimum.

Contraindications to cystoscopy

Immediately it is worth noting that such a procedure is not carried out in every case, since contra-indications still exist. For example, cystoscopy of the bladder in men is not carried out if in the course of diagnosis the patient has exacerbated certain diseases of the prostate and testes.

Contraindications also include acute inflammatory diseases that affect the mucous membrane of the urethra. In such cases, the appropriate therapy should be performed first. Also, cystoscopy is prohibited if there is a fresh trauma to the urethra. A violation of the patency of the urethra makes the procedure virtually impossible.

The general contraindications include bleeding of unknown origin - in such cases, patients are recommended to undergo examination, to identify the source of bleeding and undergo the necessary therapy. Cystoscopy is not recommended for use against the background of the so-called resorptive fever, the occurrence of which is due to the release of toxins into the blood from the source of a purulent process or bacterial inflammation.

Endoscopic examination of the bladder: patient feedback

Today, many patients are assigned this procedure. Cystoscopy is considered an extremely important diagnostic method, which allows you to detect a lot of diseases in time. But, of course, an important issue is the feedback of patients who have undergone the procedure.

First of all, it should be noted that cystoscopy always gives the desired result and helps to establish a diagnosis and make further appointments for patients. As for subjective sensations during the procedure, many factors are important here, in particular physiological and anatomical features of the human body, pain threshold, skill and professionalism of the doctor. Some patients complain only a little discomfort, while others feel real pain. In any case, the procedure does not last long, and local anesthesia can make it less unpleasant.

After cystoscopy, many patients complain of discomfort, pain and pain during urination. But, again, these feelings pass after 1-2 days.

Another interesting question: in what rooms is cystoscopy of the bladder? Where to make such a procedure? In some outpatient clinics, patients are encouraged to conduct a bladder examination directly in the urologist's office. In extreme cases, you can use the services of a private clinic. Be sure to ask the doctor who prescribed cystoscopy.

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