Bladder

The bladder is a hollow organ that has a planar shape and is located in the pelvic cavity, directly behind the pubic symphysis. Its basis is made up of muscles. The shape and size of the bladder change when filling and emptying it. The filled organ has the shape of a pear, a wide part turned back and upward, a narrow one - forward and downward. An empty bladder is characterized by a saucer-like shape, the confluence of all the walls. The capacity of the body is 750 cm cubic. It is different in women and men.

Bladder. Anatomy

The organ consists of separate parts that pass into each other. The main part is the body of the bubble. The upper front wall forms the apex, which is clearly distinguished when it is filled. The urinary bladder upward forms the median ligament of the navel, which represents the obliterated urinary duct. The bottom of the bladder is formed by its posterior part, which in men is directed towards the rectum and vagina in women. The anterior part forms the neck of the organ, here is the opening of the urethra (internal).

The basis of the walls of the bladder is a muscular tissue of a smooth type, its cavity is lined with a shell that has a mucous character. The organ is partially covered with a connective tissue membrane. Thick muscle shell is represented by three layers: outer, middle, inner. The outer layer starts from the pubic symphysis, goes in the posterior direction to the cervix, then rounds it and ends at the tip of the organ. It gives the rectum-bladder muscles to the corresponding layer of the rectum, the women have a vesico-cervical muscle. The main in the structure of the body is the middle muscle layer. It has a circular arrangement. At the neck, it forms a muscle mass of the internal urethra. The most thin layer is the inner, for which the multidirectional course of the fibers is characteristic. It is well developed in the bottom of the organ.

The bladder has a well developed mucous layer. It is represented by thick multilayered flat epithelium. The mucosa includes a submucosal base that is rich in a fibrous connective tissue and is permeated with thick fibers. Because of this structure, folds are formed that repeat the contours of the muscle layer. But at filling they are stretched.

The structure of the bladder corresponds to its main function - the accumulation and subsequent excretion of urine. There are three holes in it. The first two are represented by the ureteral orifices, the third is the urethral opening. They are located in the urinary triangle, which is the most variable and fixed part of the organ. Here the mucous membrane is directly connected to the muscle layer.

The mucous layer behind the mouth of the urethra forms a tongue of the bladder, which passes into the crest. The peritoneum partly covers the lateral surfaces of the organ and completely its upper part. It passes from the back surface to the uterus in women, and in the male body - to the direct part of the intestine. The front part directly lies under the pubic symphysis, when filling it rises above this level. To the bottom of the organ, a part of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, part of the vas deferens ducts adjoin the men. Women at this level have a cervix, a vaginal wall.

The lower part of the lateral wall of the organ, which is located before the peritoneum, is adjacent to the bottom of the pelvis, in the filled state to the occlusal muscle, the women have a round ligament, the vas deferens in the men.

The urinary organ is an important component of the urinary system, without which the normal activity of the whole organism is impossible. In violation of its function, the work of all human structures is disrupted, so timely diagnosis and prevention of diseases is important.