Creativity Derzhavin. Innovation in creativity Derzhavin

Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816) - an outstanding Russian poet of the 18th - early 19th centuries. Creativity Derzhavin was in many innovative and left a significant mark in the history of literature of our country, affecting its further development.

Life and creativity Derzhavin

Reading the biography of Derzhavin, it can be noted that the young years of the writer did not indicate that he was destined to become a great man and a brilliant innovator.

Gavrila Romanovich was born in 1743 in the Kazan province. The family of the future writer was very poor, but belonged to the nobility.

Young years

As a child, Derzhavin had to endure the death of his father, which worsened the family's financial situation. Mother was forced to do everything to provide her two sons and give them at least some education and education. There were not so many good teachers in the province where the family lived, I had to put up with those who could be hired. Despite the difficult situation, poor health, unskilled teachers, Derzhavin, thanks to his abilities and perseverance, still managed to get a decent education.

Military service

While still a pupil of the Kazan Gymnasium, the poet wrote his first poems. However, he did not manage to finish his studies at the gymnasium. The fact is that a clerical error committed by some employee led to the fact that a year earlier the youth was sent to military service in St. Petersburg, in the Preobrazhensky regiment, as an ordinary soldier. Only ten years later he managed to achieve the rank of an officer.

With the entry into military service Derzhavin's life and work have changed a lot. The duty of duty left little time for literary activity, but in spite of this, in the war years Derzhavin composed quite a few humorous verses, and also studied the works of various authors, including Lomonosov, whom he especially esteemed and considered a role model. German poetry also attracted Derzhavin. He knew German perfectly well and was engaged in translating Russian German poets into Russian and in his own poems often relied on them.

However, at that time Gavrila Romanovich had not yet seen his main vocation in poetry. He aspired to a military career, to serve his country and improve the financial situation of the family.

In the years 1773-1774. Derzhavin participated in the suppression of the Emelian Pugachev uprising, but he did not achieve any increase and recognition of his services. Having received as a reward only three hundred souls, he was demobilized. For some time circumstances forced him to make a living in a not quite honest way - playing cards.

Disclosure of talent

It is worth noting that it was at this time, by the seventies, that his talent was revealed for the first time. "Chatagayay Ode" (1776) aroused readers' interest, although creatively this and other works of the seventies were not completely independent. Creativity Derzhavin was somewhat imitative, in particular Sumarokov, Lomonosov and others. Strict rules of versification, which, following the classic tradition, obeyed his poems, did not give full disclosure of the author's unique talent.

In 1778, a joyful event happened in the writer's personal life: he passionately fell in love and married Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, who for many years became his verse muse (under the name of Plenir).

Own way in the literature

Since 1779, the writer has chosen his own path in literature. Until 1791 he worked in the genre of ode, which brought him the greatest fame. However, the poet does not just follow the classicistic examples of this strict genre. He is reforming it, completely changing the language, which becomes unusually sonorous, emotional, not at all like it was in a measured, rational classicism. Completely changed Derzhavin and the ideological content of the ode. If previously state interests were above all, now Derzhavin's creativity is also brought in personal, intimate revelations. In this respect, he portended sentimentalism with its emphasis on emotionality, sensuality.

Last years

In the last decades of his life, Derzhavin ceases to write odes, in his work begins to prevail love lyrics, friendly messages, comic verses.

The poet died on July 8, 1816, in the estate of Zvanka, a place he loved very much.

Creativity Derzhavin briefly

The poet himself attributed his main merit to the introduction of "funny Russian syllable" into fiction, in which elements of high and spacious style were mixed, and lyrics and satire combined. Derzhavin's innovation was in the fact that he expanded the list of themes of Russian poetry, including plots and motifs from everyday life.

Solemn odes

Creativity Derzhavin briefly characterizes his most famous odes. In them often there is a common and heroic, civil and personal beginning. Creativity Derzhavin, thus, combines previously incompatible elements. For example, "Poems for the birth of a porphyry youth in the North" can no longer be called a solemn ode in the classic sense of the word. The birth of Alexander Pavlovich in 1779 was described as a great event, all geniuses bring him various gifts - mind, wealth, beauty, etc. However, the wish of the last of them ("Be on the throne of man") indicates that the king is a man, That for classicism was not typical. Innovation in Derzhavin's work was manifested here in the confusion of the civil and personal status of man.

"Felitsa"

In this dress Derzhavin dared to turn to the empress herself and polemicize with her. Felitsa is Catherine II. Gavrila Romanovich represents the reigning person as a private person, which violates the strict classical tradition that existed at the time. The poet admires Catherine II not as a state person, but as a wise man, who knows his way in life and following him. Then the poet describes his life. Self-irony in describing the passions that owned the poet, serves to emphasize the dignity of Felica.

That is, the genre of ode, fully focused on the object of praise, turns the poet into a friendly message, where there are two sides, and each of them is important, and not just the addressee. In Catherine II, the poet values most of all generosity, simplicity, indulgence, that is, personal, human qualities.

"To take Ishmael"

This dress depicts the majestic image of the Russian people conquering the Turkish fortress. His strength is likened to the forces of nature: an earthquake, a sea storm, a volcanic eruption. However, it is not spontaneous, but obeys the will of the Russian sovereign, driven by a sense of devotion to the homeland. The extraordinary strength of the Russian warrior and the Russian people in general, his power and greatness were depicted in this work.

"Waterfall"

In this dress, written in 1791, mainly becomes an image of the flow, symbolizing the frailty of being, earthly glory and human greatness. The prototype of the waterfall was Kivach, located in Karelia. The color palette of the work is rich in various shades and colors. Originally it was just a description of the waterfall, but after the death of Prince Potemkin (unexpectedly died on his way home, returning with a victory in the Russian-Turkish war), Gavrila Romanovich supplemented the picture with semantic content, and the waterfall embodied the frailty of life and led to philosophical reflections on various Values. Derzhavin was personally acquainted with Prince Potemkin and could not help reacting to his sudden demise.

However, Gavrila Romanovich was far from admiring Potemkin. In his clothes Rumyantsev is opposed - that's who, in the author's opinion, is a true hero. Rumyantsev was a true patriot who cares about common good, not personal fame and prosperity. This hero in the garment is symbolically associated with a quiet trickle. A noisy waterfall is contrasted with the unattractive beauty of the Suna River with its majestic and calm current, clear waters. People like Rumiantsev, calmly, without the bustle and boiling of passions, living their lives, can reflect the entire beauty of the sky.

Philosophical odes

The themes of Derzhavin's creative work continue to be philosophical odes. Ode "To the death of Prince Meshchersky" (1779) was written after the death of Paul's heir, Prince Meshchersky. And death is represented figuratively, it "sharpens the blade of the braid" and "grinds its teeth." Reading this ode, at first it even seems that this is a kind of "hymn" of death. However, it ends with the opposite conclusion - Derzhavin calls us to appreciate life as "heaven an instant gift" and live it so that to die with a pure heart.

Anacreontic lyrics

Imitating the ancient authors, creating translations of their poems, Derzhavin created his miniatures, in which the national Russian color, everyday life is felt, Russian nature is described . Classicism in Derzhavin's works has undergone a transformation here.

Anacreon's translation for Gavrila Romanovich is an opportunity to go into the realm of nature, man and life, which had no place in strict classical poetry. The image of this ancient poet, despising the light and loving life, very much attracted Derzhavin.

In 1804 they published a separate edition of Anacreontic Songs. In the foreword, he explains why he decided to write "light poetry": the poet wrote such poems in his youth, but printed now because he left the service, became a private person and is now free to publish everything he wants.

Late lyrics

The peculiarity of Derzhavin's creativity in the late period is that at this time he practically ceases to write odes and creates mostly lyrical works. The poem "Evgenia Zvanskaya Life", written in 1807, describes the daily home life of an old nobleman who lives in a luxurious rural family estate. The researchers note that this work was written in response to Zhukovsky's "Evening" and was polemical nascent romanticism.

Derzhavin's late lyrics include the work "Monument", filled with faith in the dignity of man in spite of adversity, life's vicissitudes and historical changes.

The significance of Derzhavin's creativity was very great. The transformation of classical forms begun by Gavril Sergeevich was continued by Pushkin, and later by other Russian poets.