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Conjugation of Spanish verbs: what is important to know in the first place

Prepare for the fact that the conjugation of Spanish verbs is the topic of more than one lesson, and any attempt to take it "in a hurry" will only lead to confusion and the belief that the Spanish grammar (that's a surprise!) Is incredibly complex.

This article will highlight the most important and necessary, what will help in the future not to get lost.

Verbs in Spanish, unlike English, where there is only an ending -s in the second person, are conjugated to all persons. That's why we are so simple, speaking Spanish, we can generally omit the pronoun. Why is it needed, if the verb already shows who it is about: about him, about them or about you? But this is not all. Verbs - this is one of the most complex grammatical themes of the Spanish language. One verb has more than 20 forms, changing:

1) by persons (I, you, you, etc.),

2) the numbers (i, we, etc.),

3) times (in Spanish 15 time forms),

4) inclinations (I do, I would do, etc.).

And also the verb can be used in an active or passive voice (I built a house, the house was built by me).

In this article, only the conjugation of Spanish verbs is considered, that is, their change in persons and numbers.

In Spanish there are three types of conjugation of verbs depending on the ending in the initial form. Verbs that end in "-ar" are conjugated by the first type (eg, besar - kissing), verbs with the ending "-er" for the second (eg, beber), verbs with "-ir" for the third (Escribir - to hide). There is not, in fact, nothing complicated, it's enough just to remember the endings for each type. Of course, in the formation of the endings there will be similarities and their own logic. In all three types of conjugation in the first person singular the verb will have an ending - "o" (beso, bebo, escribo). Let's see further: the endings of the second person for the same verbs - "-as, -es, -es". The third person is the only number for all genera: "-a, -e, -e". It is easy to see: both here and there the second and third type of declination assume "-e" at the end, and in the endings of the first type we see "a". The first person is a plural: "-amos, -emos, -imos". Obviously, in this person the verbs with the ending "ar" get the ending "-amos", the verbs with "er" - the ending "-emos", the ghouls with "ir" end in "-imos". The similarity with the initial form of the word is obvious. In the second person singular the verbs have endings: "-a'is", "-e'is", "-i's", in the second person of the plural: "-an", "-en", "-en". And here again we can find parallels either with the ending of the main form of the verb, or with the fact that the first type of conjugation gets the letter "a" at the end, and the other two types - "e". By the way, new words in the Spanish language tend to be of the first type, which gives all grounds to consider it a priority in the study.

But, of course, without exception from the rule can not do. In this case, exceptions cover such a volume of vocabulary that they are hardly even called exceptions. There is a huge group of verbs that do not conjugate according to the rules mentioned above - irregular verbs. They, in turn, are divided into two groups:

1) Verbs, the conjugation of which can not be put into any general scheme. For example, the ver verb is inclined according to individual rules.

2) Wrong verbs that can be combined into groups according to the conjugation characteristics, and they will be conjugated according to uniform rules within one group - these are the so-called deviating verbs.

The number of verbs of individual conjugation in Spanish is 21. They need to be learned simply. But you should not think that this will be such a difficult task. First, these verbs are very often used. Secondly, do not attack them right away. After you understand the logic of conjugation of regular verbs, the features of the verbs of this group will immediately catch your eye, and what is well understood is well remembered.

As for the deviating verbs, they are distinguished by six groups. There is a division into seven groups. In the handbook of NI Popova stands out 81 models of conjugation of Spanish verbs. In fact, the grouping method does not really matter.

How to learn the conjugation of Spanish verbs?

In addition, it is necessary to break a huge amount of information on the conjugation of verbs to "digestible" parts and to study gradually one by one, it is necessary to properly build the mastery of the material. And here we can distinguish two psychological processes, important in any training: understanding and memorization. Arrange them strictly in sequence. First, understanding, then remembering. As already shown in this article, the conjugation of the Spanish verbs is carried out according to a completely logical scheme. And, despite the fact that memory still has to be actively used, simple awareness can significantly speed up the process. At the initial stage, it is enough to take a table with the conjugation of regular verbs or even to compose it autonomously and try to find all the connections and patterns, like those mentioned above. After the rules are realized, close, understandable, one should proceed to a purely mechanical mental work - memorization. And this is achieved through constant repetitions, exercises that will help you learn how to apply the knowledge you have gained.

Conjugations of verbs (Spanish): Exercises

What exercises in the Spanish language can I choose to consolidate my knowledge of the conjugation of verbs? Basically, these are exercises in which sentences are given with a missed verb. It is necessary to choose its correct form from the offered variants or to write independently. This is not always effective, because such exercises are rarely really interesting. You can make it easier: try to translate into oneself the phrases of others, your own thoughts, imaginary situations, choosing for each case the correct form of the verb, and then checking yourself with the help of the reference book.

Conjugation of irregular Spanish verbs should also be studied consistently. The only thing you should not do is take one group of deviating verbs and teach only it until it is fully worked out. It will be much better to take from each group several of the most used verbs (and there are such in each group) and carefully analyze the rules of conjugation on their example. Then learn these words and learn how to use them in the correct form. And only after the ease with them is reached, to pass already to other words from each group. It is likely that they will not have to be crocheted, because the declination scheme is already clear.

Thus, the conjugation of Spanish verbs may seem impossible impossible at first. Later, looking back, you will wonder why this topic was perceived so hard, because the Spanish language is not included in the rating of the most complex languages in the world, unlike Russian or Chinese, which, due to its difficulty in mastering, is even mentioned in the Book of Records Guinness.

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