Self improvementMotivation

Cognitive and social motivation of educational activity

The category "motive" refers to the most important in a number of sciences, and therefore it is treated quite widely. With regard to training activities, the most appropriate will be to resort to the definition of this category, which proposed A. Leontiev ,

A.N. Leontiev, first of all, proposed not to identify the concepts of goal and motive, since they are different in their psycho-behavioral nature. In addition, he argued that the motivation for learning activity is cooperative - that is, one motive can manifest itself in different ways, and even be completely different, when one strives to achieve the same goal, and, conversely, one and the same desire The same motives.

The motive, in the simplest form, is a factor that induces a person to do something. All of them can be classified into conscious and unconscious. For example, a student can clearly understand that he must study, while his own motives for learning activities may not be clear to him. They become more conscious only with the narrowing of the academic task and the specifically formulated local goal, for example, it is possible to motivate a first-grader to do his homework, so that he does not upset his parents with bad marks. But this does not mean that this motif will spread to the understanding of the importance of homework in general.

Investigation of the motivational nature of man, especially schoolchildren, is a complex task and requires the study of their entire hierarchy, so that its formation in the interests of learning represented a systematic and integral process.

In this study, the starting point may be the thesis that any human activity is poly-motivated, that is, the cause of a single act or action may be different motives. There are so many of them that for the convenience of their study they are classified for various reasons. Here are some types of motivation that are directly related to learning activity and its results:

- negative motivation, manifests itself as a factor of motivation for learning on the basis of pupil's understanding that if he does not study, it will lead to negative consequences for him in the family, school, among peers, etc.

- Positive motivation of educational activity, which, as a rule, manifests itself in two main forms.

In some circumstances, it is determined by the social goals of the person, the student, for example, the desire to enter a prestigious educational institution after graduation. Such a position turns into the installation of the pupil into a permanently positive attitude to the teaching, because it is perceived by him as part of the overall social task.

In other circumstances, the positive motivation of educational activity is manifested exclusively as a motive that does not relate to the solution of social tasks of positioning. In this case, it acts as a factor prompting to learn in order to simply be an intellectually developed person, inquisitive.

Modern science argues that the motivation of learning activities includes many motives, which can be divided into two groups.

Cognitive motives differ in that they are directly related to the learning process. The second group, social, characterizes the student's connections to other people, but indirectly influences his teaching.

The basis of cognitive motives is the following:

- broad motives, that is, those that directly guide the student to acquire knowledge, which, as it were, "trigger" interest in learning.

- educational and cognitive, these are those that motivate school students to master the teaching methodology in a broad sense, that is, methods and methods of teaching as such.

- the motives for self-education include all those that orient the learner to mastering the ways of obtaining educational information and, therefore, encourage him to apply for this to teachers, parents, adults, literature, etc.

Social motivation of educational activity also includes broad social motives and narrow ones. The first include everything that promotes the student's understanding of the social significance of the teaching, its social utility. The latter help to form the aspirations to acquire status due to their knowledge gained in the course of successful teaching. They highlight the motives of social cooperation, which move the young man to communicate, interact with peers, and any forms of collective activity.

It is important to understand that the diversity of the motives of educational activity does not exhaust all the difficulties of its study, the point is that the formation of the motivation of the teaching can change in the course of the teaching itself, therefore, the important task of the success of the teaching for each teacher and educator (in the broad sense) is the task of monitoring the dynamics Its changes.

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