Bylochka is a kind of modifier of reliability

Bylochka is a genre of oral folk art. This is a small but extremely emotional story about a direct encounter with the inhabitants of the other world, or about the sensation of their invisible presence and all kinds of influences on a person. The main function of this genre is to prove or confirm one or another belief.

History of origin

Eastern Slavs believed that pagan deities were an integral part of their daily life and life. In the field and at home, in the river and in the forest, in the bathhouse, in the stable they accompanied the existence of a man. They were next to him from birth to the moment of burial and were further responsible for him in the afterlife, otherworldly world. All innumerable representatives of the evil forces: house and bannik, wood and water, kikimors and mermaids - were an inseparable part of the life of the people and of the traditional pagan culture of Rus, so these images passed into Russian folklore, including in bylichki, legends. An important component for the development of the genre was the cult of nature, which had a significant significance in the formation and development of culture, social and political system of Rus. The habitat of representatives of the lowest demonology was forest, water, swamp, cemetery, field, mill, house and bath, and during their increased activity - the dark time of the day (twilight, night). This is the typical chronotop of most of the hives.

Development of the genre

Sheepskins and byvalshchiny became objects of close attention of scientists in the beginning of the XIX century. During this period, a huge number of texts were written, which were not published in separate collections, but along with the texts of fairy tales, epics, etc. At this time, there was a tendency to name the harelings "byvalshchinkoy", "byvalshchina". Many folklorists began to use the term as a synonym for the concepts of "legend", "legend", "byvalshina". But the she-witch is an original and unique direction of folklore, which due to the specific nature of the genre (the use of traditional motifs, characters associated with the supernatural and reliance on the personal experience of the narrator) is close to the byvalva, fairy tale, legend, tradition.

Specificity

She has significant differences from the legend and general tendencies with the sheer slowness because she does not appeal to traditions, but narrates the story from the modern period of life that occurred either directly with the narrator, or with his relatives, acquaintances or friends of acquaintances (which is noted much more often) . So, the distinctive feature of the genre should be considered an installation on the reality of the described incident. Often the narrative describes recurrent events, which, quite possibly, can occur with the listener. Bylochka is not an explanation of a certain reality, but rather a warning or a simple idle narration about an incident of a clash with the supernatural.

The basis

The basis of the she-bats can be put real cases that are interpreted in the light of the prevailing mythological beliefs and ideas. Among them are stories that mothers intentionally frighten children about - evil spirits abducting children, ghost-cannibals, etc. In the modern world, a little she-bitch is rather a scarecrow.

Classification and operation

Sheepskins are classified according to their content. Sections are distinguished by the main characters - mythological characters. For example, the scribes can narrate:

• About the spirits of nature: forest, field, half-day, water, mermaids;
• About house spirits: house, ovinnik, bannik, gumennik;
• About the snake, the line or the damned.

The presented demonic mythological creatures brought to the surface the hidden fears and desires of the man in the street, with their appearance the worldview and the man himself were mythologized.

Still sheep called the forefathers of fairy tales. Himself E.M. Meletinsky called them "the ancestor of a fairy tale". Sometimes some subjects of the genre are taken as a basis for the work of art: an example can serve as "Viy" NV. Gogol. Or mystical legends are included in the structure of the text, as SI did. Turgenev in the story "Bezhin Meadow". Sheepskins, like any folk work, combine Christian and pre-Christian. Pagan superstitious representations of the ancient Slavs reflect the characters and their actions, and the system of amulets in most cases is used Christian. Faith, the cross, the sign of the cross, prayer, holy water, the church candle, the bell ringing - all this, according to the firm conviction of our ancestors, drives away the evil spirit.