Surrealism in literature and painting

Surrealism - the direction of bourgeois modern art, which originated in the early 20-ies of the last century in France. Style embodies the crisis of capitalist society and finds the basis in the contradictory idealistic philosophical theory of Sigmund Freud. The horror of the real world is embodied in the works of artists and writers of surrealism.

Surrealism in literature and painting had a goal to know the human subconscious, to join the supernatural, to create another reality. The founder and ideologist of the direction is Andre Breton, who believed that surrealism is mental automatism, and thought is not dictated by reason and moral considerations. As its founder, Breton wanted to unite all the surrealists, but their endless controversies and accusations caused by differences in views could not end peacefully. Nevertheless, the creators had a single message: they wanted not only to create a new style, they wanted to change the modern life. According to the Surrealists, the unconscious beginning is the highest truth on earth.

Especially popular surrealism in literature and art became in times of world wars. Continents of a contradictory trend appeared in Europe and America. At that time, masses with this style were introduced by artists and writers who had emigrated from France to other countries.

The most famous surrealist painters of the 20th century are Salvador Dali, Max Ernst, Juan Miro. In the movie we know the names of Luis Buñuel, as well as Georges Sadoul. Surrealism in literature has gained popularity thanks to André Breton, Louis Aragon, Rene Sharou, Henri Michaud, Robert Desnos, Paul Eluar.

Analyze the work of the creators of this style is almost impossible, but if we consider, say, the painting of Salvador Dali, where everything is carefully constructed and each of the elements has its meaning, you can learn for yourself some of the essence of his thoughts. The works of surrealism are focused on the idea and the image, not on the subject itself. An unprepared reader or spectator will not be able to properly absorb the idea of surrealistic texts and canvases. Only a person with a good imagination, extraordinary thoughts and associations will be able to fully immerse himself in the world of the surrealists of that time and learn something new for himself.

According to some reports, surrealism in literature first came out in the masses in 1918, when the book by André Breton and Philippe Supo "Magnetic fields" was published. This style does not originate in separate texts, but in a book that includes works of various genres.

The dream was one of the sources of inspiration and knowledge for the Surrealists. At that time, the series of sessions of sleep held by the poets were popular. On them, Robert Desnos, a famous poet, dictated to the public what he saw in a dream.

1924 for the creators was an important date. This year the "Manifesto of Surrealism" was published, where the names of the predecessors of the direction, its general positions, etc. were listed. At the same time, magazines devoted to this style began to appear. In conclusion, a genre such as "black humor" was born.

Surrealism in literature is most evident in poetry, as well as in small prose and drama. The first surreal drama of Roger Vitrack "Secrets of Love" was staged on stage in 1927.

Surrealist artists in their style were distinguished by a wealth of forms and approaches. Thanks to their creativity, the perception of the art of abstractionism, cubism became simpler. Surrealism exerted an influence on the further creativity of many artists. Artists and writers acquired new techniques and methods, changed their perception, began to seek other forms of creative expression. Even in Russia 70-90-ies, for example, you could meet poets and writers who do not deviate from surrealistic ideas.