Bowel is skinny - structure, function, disease

The small intestine is one of the sites of the small intestine, whose length is approximately 4-5 meters. The small intestine includes the duodenum, followed by a lean gut, followed by the ileum. The gut on all sides is covered with a shell, which is called the peritoneum and attached to the back wall of the abdomen with the help of a mesentery. The jejunum of the person in the left half of an abdominal cavity is located. On the anterior abdominal wall, it is projected in the umbilical region, along the sides of the abdomen, as well as in the left ileal fossa. The bowel loops are located in a horizontal and oblique direction. The length of the jejunum is 2/5 of the total length of the small intestine. In comparison with the ileum, the lean has thicker walls and a larger diameter of the inner lumen. It differs in the number of villi and folds that are located in the lumen, the number of vessels that are larger, but the lymphoid elements, on the contrary, are smaller. There are no clear boundaries for the transition of one part of the intestine to another.

The structure of the wall

On the outside, the gut is covered with a special membrane all over. It is the peritoneum that protects it and smooths the friction of the intestinal loops about each other. The peritoneum converges in the back of the intestine, and thus a mesentery of the jejunum is formed. It is where the vessels and nerves pass, as well as the lymphatic capillaries that feed the gut and carry away not only the nutrients the body needs, but also toxic decomposition products, which then neutralizes the liver.

The second layer is a smooth muscle tissue, which, in turn, forms two layers of fibers. Outside, there are longitudinal fibers, and from the inside are circular fibers. Due to their reduction and relaxation, the chyme (food that has been exposed to the active substances of the digestive tract in the previous departments) passes through the lumen of the intestine and gives the body all the useful substances. The process of successive contraction and relaxation of fibers is called peristalsis.

Functionally important layer

The previous two layers provide a normal function and protection, but the entire process of food absorption occurs in the last two. Under the muscular layer is a submucosal layer, it is in it that the bowel is lean with blood lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic tissue accumulations. The mucous layer protrudes into the lumen in the form of folds, due to which the suction surface becomes larger. Additionally, the surface of the mucosa increases the villi, they can be seen only under a microscope, but their role is very important. They also provide a constant inflow of nutrients to the body.

Nulls

Vorsins are mucosal processes, the diameter of which is only one millimeter. Covers their cylindrical epithelium, and in the center are the lymphatic and blood capillaries. Also, glands that are in the mucosa, are released many active substances, mucus, hormones, enzymes, which contribute to the process of digestion of food. The capillary network simply permeates the mucous membrane and passes into venules, merging, together with other vessels form a portal vein that carries blood to the liver.

The function that the bowel performs is thin

The main function of the intestine is the processing and absorption of food, which was previously processed by the previous sections of the digestive tract. The food here consists of amino acids that used to be proteins, monosaccharides formerly carbohydrates, as well as fatty acids and glycerin (what lipids turned into). The structure of the jejunum provides for the presence of villi, it is thanks to them that all this gets into the body and can be used as nutrient material. Amino acids and monosugars fall into the liver, where their further transformation takes place and then falls into the big circle of blood circulation, fats are absorbed by the lymphatic capillaries, and then they enter the lymphatic vessels, and from there they flow with the current of lymph throughout the body. Anything that has not been tested for utility in the jejunum, falls into the further sections of the intestine, in which the feces are finally formed.

From norm to illness - one step

The small bowel has many functions and, in the absence of malfunctions or diseases, functions normally, without causing any special problems. But if there is a failure, then it's time to turn to a specialist. It is difficult to examine the jejunum, like the entire small intestine, and analyzes are of great importance. To investigate, first of all, there is a feces which can tell, what exactly failure has occurred in work of an intestine. But also not a superfluous will also be a banal examination and palpation.

There may be a lot of problems in the jejunum, but the pathology of the surgical, therapeutic and infectious nature takes the main place. This depends on the treatment, as well as the choice of a specialist who will help get rid of the disease.

With what to go to the surgeon?

To address to the given expert costs with illnesses or diseases at which treatment operative intervention is required. The priority here is oncology, malignant and benign processes can be very diverse, and their names depend on what cells the pathologist finds in their composition. Tumor growth can be either in the lumen of the wall or outward. When growth goes into the lumen, bleeding or obstruction arises, which requires immediate surgical intervention.

There may also be intestinal obstruction, which is caused by spasms, obstruction of the lumen of the gut, or intussusception (when one part of the gut penetrates into the other). Operative treatment in this variant of the jejunum disease also requires prompt intervention urgently. Obstruction can be in other parts of the intestine, then a panoramic radiograph of the abdomen becomes important, which will help to establish the diagnosis correctly.

Often there is such a pathology as diverticulitis. It is an inflammation of the process of the jejunum, which is called a diverticulum. In norm it is not, and its presence is an innate pathology. With its inflammation, timely diagnosis is needed, which includes complaints of pain, fever, tension of the abdominal muscles. The final diagnosis is made on the operating table, and then confirmed by the pathologist.

Other diseases

The jejunum can bring a lot of problems that the surgeon will have to deal with. Sometimes delay in setting the right diagnosis can lead to the death of the patient. What is Crohn's disease, which can result in bleeding, abscesses and other complications. Some ailments can lead to dysfunction of the jejunum, and in order to restore them, surgical intervention is also required. So, for example, the adhesion process of the abdominal cavity, especially in the places where this section of the small intestine is located, may require an operative dissection of the adhesions. Operative treatment tactics are used in helminthic invasion, when the lumen is clogged with a ball of helminths.

And with what to go to the therapist?

The therapist also has something to work on. Of course, he has less work than the surgeon, but she is no less responsible. On the shoulders of this specialist lie all the diseases and inflammatory changes that occur in the jejunum. These are colitis, which can be acute and chronic, irritable bowel syndrome and other pathologies. The use of a scalpel for these diseases is not required, but correctly and correctly prescribed treatment will help get rid of the disease and return the joy of life.

The infection does not sleep

It's no secret that the gut is thin and contains a large number of microorganisms in its lumen. There are among them good and useful for the body, and there are also bad ones that are constantly trying to harm. The immune system restrains the onslaught of pathogenic microflora, but sometimes it does not cope with its main task, and then infectious diseases begin. Often, the body can be undesirable neighbors, helminths and strive to get into an excellent habitat, which is for them a gut thin.

In the lumen of the small intestine, many diseases can develop, such as dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, salmonellosis and many others. Symptoms that they cause, vary, but they have similarities - this is diarrhea. It can have a different color and smell, be with or without impurities, and also with blood or water. The final point in the question of determining the pathogen will be the bacteriological study of the excreted material. Then, based on the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibacterial drugs, appropriate treatment is prescribed. It is also possible to identify helminths, for this it is necessary to pass a feces for analysis, and only the infectionist will help get rid of them.