Bone plastic surgery for implantation of teeth: reviews

Atrophy or lack of bone tissue is a very common problem in modern dentistry. In this case, bone plastic will be the only way out of the situation.

Indications for bone plasty

Dentists perform bone grafting in the following clinical cases

• Injury of the jaw.
• Traumatic tooth extraction.
• Prosthesis of several teeth at once.
• Inflammation in the bone, leading to a decrease in bone tissue.
• Necessity of implantation.

Bone plastic surgery during implantation is the most common implantation-related procedure, and most often plastic is carried out precisely for this reason.

Bone plastic surgery for implantation

When a doctor tells a patient that he needs bone plastic when implanting his teeth, "what is it and why is it needed" is a logical question that everyone can ask. If after you lost a tooth, it's been a long time, then the bone tissue must decrease.

Her dystrophy occurs because the load from the tooth is no longer felt by the tissue, which means that the body believes that it is not necessary, and the tissues begin to dissolve both in width and height.

And when installing the implant, it is necessary that the tissue is tightly surrounded and held. By standards, a classical implant requires approximately 10 millimeters of bone tissue in height and 3 millimeters on each side. If the tissue is not enough, then you should build up.

Types of bone grafts

For carrying out bone plastic surgery, the patient needs to have a bone graft that will eventually heal and replace the missing tissue. Transplants are of the following main types:

• Autologous transplants. Bone for them is taken from the patient himself. As a rule, the bone block is extracted from the lower jaw, out of the area behind the extreme molars. If you can not take a bone from there, then the bone tissue of the hip is taken. Such a block is the best, but an additional operation is necessary.
• Allogeneic grafts. They are obtained from human donors, and then carefully selected and sterilized. As a result, the individual properties of the bone are lost, and it can easily be used as a block.
• Xenogenic transplants. Here the source of the material is cattle. The block is processed so as to become completely sterile and compatible with the human body.
• Alloplastic transplants. Completely artificial blocks that mimic the structure of the bone. After the operation, they gradually resolve or become a support for the growth of the human natural bone.

There are several different techniques for bone grafting, because modern dentistry is constantly being improved. As a result, more appropriate methods can be used in different clinical cases. The method is really very much, but only a few are worth considering in detail.

Directed bone regeneration

Recently, the directional bone regeneration is very popular: the replanting of special membranes compatible with the human body, which accelerate the formation of jaw bones. Membranes are made of special collagen fibers, which are not rejected by the body and are sometimes impregnated with a composition that stimulates the growth of bone tissue.

Membranes can be resorbable and non-absorbable, depending on how long it takes to hold the frame.

After the membrane is implanted in the necessary place, the wound is sutured, and it takes a while to wait until the bone tissue grows. Usually this process takes about six months.

Directed regeneration is also bone plastic when implanting teeth. Photo of the blocks used for regeneration, you can see below.

Sinus Lifting

Sinus-lifting is a specific bone plastic that increases the amount of bone plastic on the upper jaw due to the elevation of the bottom of the maxillary sinus.

Sinus-lifting is prescribed in the following clinical cases:

• In the absence of patient pathologies in the operation area.
• With complete absence of risk for the development of complications.

In this case, sinus-lifting is contraindicated in a number of clinical cases:

• Constant rhinitis.
• The presence in the maxillary sinus of multiple partitions.
• Polyps in the nose.
• Sinusitis.
• Problems and diseases affecting bone tissue.
• Dependence on nicotine.

Some of the contraindications can be eliminated, and only after this, carry out a sinus-lifting itself.

Sinus-lifting is carried out in two main ways:

• Open operation.
• Closed operation.

Open sine lifting is a complex procedure that is performed if a sufficiently large volume of bone tissue is lacking. It is conducted in several stages:

1. The dentist slightly cuts the mucous from the outside of the sinus.
2. The mucous tissue of the sinus slightly lifts.
3. The void is filled with the material that will be used to build up.
4. The detached mucosa is put in place, and everything is sutured.

If the bone tissue does not reach a little, no more than 2 millimeters, then it is possible to hold a closed sinus-lifting. It is done like this:

1. The first thing in the jaw at the site of the planned installation of the implant is an incision.
2. Then a special dental instrument the doctor through this incision lifts the bottom of the maxillary sinus.
3. Inside the hole, osteoplastic material is laid.
4. Immediately after this, an implant is placed in the jaw.

Technique of bone block replanting

Bone blocking is less common than regeneration or sinus lifting, as it just involves the use of transplants and their long engraftment. Such a block is attached in various ways, sometimes even with special titanium screws. Six months later, the block is completely cured, titanium pins are pulled out and implantation can be carried out.

Bone block replenishment is performed as follows:

1. The gums are cut.
2. A special tool splits and spreads the bone tissue.
3. In the resulting cavity put osteoplastic material.
4. The transplant is fixed with titanium tricks in natural bone tissue.
5. All gaps are filled with special crumb, which stimulates the formation of bone tissue.
6. A special membrane is applied to the transplant.

Bone block replanting is usually done if you need to increase not only the height, but also the width of the bone tissue in the jaw, or if there is very little bone tissue.

Bone plastic surgery for implantation of teeth: complications

As with any operation, with bone plastication, some complications may arise before implantation. In the reviews, it is said that:

• Bleeding. In the first two hours after the procedure, a small bleeding is quite natural, but if it continues all day, then you should go to the doctor.
• Pain and swelling. In the first 2-3 days are quite natural, they are removed by antibiotics and painkillers. If the pain becomes only stronger, it is also better to visit the doctor.
• Numbness of the jaw. If it lasts for several hours, it can be a sign of nerve damage.
• Edema. If it makes breathing difficult and prevents opening your mouth, then urgent medical attention is needed.

Bone plastic surgery for implantation of teeth: reviews

In general, patients respond to osseous plastic positively. Most often, directional bone regeneration and sinus-lifting are done. The only drawback, as noted by many, is an increase in the cost of an already expensive implantation, as well as a long period of bone survival. The second disadvantage is only the closed sinus-lifting. In any case, bone plastic is what is best avoided, and the only way is to put the implant immediately after the tooth is lost.