Basic dental diseases and their description

Modern dentists are studying the structure of the teeth, the methods of their treatment. In their competence and deliverance of mankind from the ailments of the oral cavity. Prevention of diseases - under the aegis of therapists. Narrow specialization allows to render the patient a better service. And the question in our article will be about such a phenomenon as dental diseases. Also we will consider the most common ailments of the oral cavity, their symptoms and preventive measures.

The most common dental diseases

Hard tissues are exposed to ailments caused by defects in the crown part. They can differ in nature and volume. The degree of severity will depend on the duration of the inflammatory process, and on whether the intervention of a specialist has been performed in a timely manner. What are the most common dental diseases found in dental practice?

• Caries.
• Hyperstasy.
• Pathology of abrasion of dental units.
• Wedge-shaped defect.

What symptoms should alert a person

Not all diseases signal the pain of their progression. Experts warn the population that the bleeding of the mucous membranes should alert the person. If it is not caused by mechanical damage to the tissues, you should consult a doctor. He will establish the cause and prescribe the treatment.

Sensitivity of teeth to temperature changes, reaction to sweet or sour testifies to the existence of the problem. In such cases, postpone the visit to the dentist is extremely unreasonable.

The formation of sores on the mucous membranes of the mouth speaks of the health under threat. Timely appeal to a specialist will solve the problem without unnecessary expenditure of time, nerves and material resources.

Hypersthesia

This disease is characterized by an increase in the sensitivity of hard tissues. Most often it is expressed in pain sensations that quickly pass. They are provoked by such irritants as temperature drop, contact with sour or sweet.

The causes of the disease are the effects of caries, increased abrasion of bone tissue, wedge-shaped defect, erosion. The prism of the enamel becomes permeable. Irritants affect the pulp, making the tooth sensitive. Treatment is prescribed after determining the cause of the disease

Dental diseases: caries

This is the most common ailment in the field of dentistry. Sooner or later it affects almost every person. What do you need to know about the disease?

Regardless of the site of tooth damage, all varieties of caries undergo four stages of development. In our medicine it is customary to distinguish this type of affliction, depending on the degree of deepening of the destructive process in the tissue.

1. The appearance of white chalk strips or spots is the first stage of the development of the disease. It is most easily treatable. Diagnose the disease by the presence of spots on the enamel. There is a painful reaction to acidic and sweet stimuli, and to a temperature drop. Unpleasant sensations quickly disappear when contact with them ceases.

2. Medium caries is characterized by damage to the dentin. This is a deeper layer of the dental unit. A cavity is visualized on the surface. Painful sensations can be removed most often by taking analgesics.

3. Dentite is near-pulp - the defeat goes deeper. Painful sensations are becoming palpable. The transition of the disease to the fourth stage can be rapid.

4. Pulpitis is already a deep stage. The pulp which is penetrated by nervous endings and blood vessels is amazed.

And this is far from the most terrible dental diseases, the photos of which are presented below.

Wedge-shaped defect

What it is? The disease is caused by the formation of a cavity in the tooth region of the tooth. The defect has a wedge shape. Visualization of an ailment in the form of a step on the enamel. The affected unit is prone to cleavage. Sometimes the entire crown part is destroyed. Most often, the reason for the occurrence is insufficient hygiene of the oral cavity, or, conversely, excessive mechanical action of the brush and toothpaste. Diseases of such a plan are prone to treatment only at the initial stage of their occurrence. Dentists appoint a procedure for remineralization. In advanced cases, the affected part is removed and covered with a crown or veneer.

Pathology of erosion of hard tissues

Disease of non-carious etiology. Over time, the patient notice a significant reduction in the dental unit, due to rapid erosion. Such an ailment leads to an early loss of hard tissues. In most cases, pathology is diagnosed on all teeth. In this regard, on their edges appear pointed areas. Accordingly, they injure the lips and mucous membranes in the oral cavity. With such a disease, it is very important to timely treat. Otherwise, the patient is threatened with shortening of dental units and the appearance of defects in the lower facial area.

The manifestation of the disease can be triggered by overload, when not all units are present in the jaw arc. Also, experts call such reasons as incorrect bite, marriage in the prosthesis, softness of bone tissues. Such dental diseases are treated by stabilizing the process and preventing their progress. Tabs and crowns are great for this purpose.

The most common diseases of the gums and oral cavity

The body always signals a malfunction in the operation of an organ. First, let's talk about what diseases of the dental cavity most often occur in dental practice.

Most often, patients suffer from inflammation of the soft tissues. The initial stage of gum disease is called gingivitis. Due to the progression of the disease and the failure to provide timely medical assistance, the ailment becomes a new form. It is called periodontitis. And the final stage in this chain is periodontal disease. Below we will talk briefly about these ailments and the peculiarities of their course.

To frequent diseases of the oral cavity also include candidiasis. This is a fungal tissue damage. The disease is expressed in the form of white patches (spots), sores, bubbles in the area of the tongue, palate, gums, internal parts of the cheeks. If such a rash is found, you should immediately consult a doctor for help.

Gingivitis

Only a small number of people do not suffer from this disease (about 3%). Inflammatory process on the gums manifests itself in the form of its edema, redness. Appear unpleasant sensations. The gums become easily vulnerable, bleed by mechanical action on them.

The cause of the disease is most often insufficient hygiene of the oral cavity. The microbes that remain between the teeth quickly infect the gum tissue.

Treatment at the initial stage requires some effort. However, most often it gives the right result. Therefore, it is extremely important not to start the disease, and when the first symptoms manifest, rush to the doctor.

Periodontitis

It is an inflammatory process that covers the soft tissues surrounding the tooth, as well as ligaments and bone tissue. In contrast to gingivitis, this ailment is characterized by the defeat of deeper layers. Also, the process of blood supply is disturbed. Tissue degeneration is often observed. Modern medicine can cope with the disease at its initial stage. But treatment requires some effort and patience.

And these are not the most terrible dental diseases. Symptoms of the disease are expressed in the spread of the focus of inflammation, the descent of the edge of the gums, bleeding, unpleasant sensations and smell. They are difficult to miss, so most patients seek help at this stage of the disease.

Dental diseases: periodontal disease

This ailment is non-inflammatory. In the course of its progression, the bone tissue surrounding the tooth dissolves. This leads to the mobility of jaw arc units. The disease is dangerous because it occurs initially virtually without symptoms. The gingival bleeding disappears, there are no painful sensations. The main alarm signal is the occurrence of an increased reaction to stimuli in the neck region of the tooth. This mainly happens during meals.

What are the causes of the disease? It all begins with the formation of plaque, which leads to inflammatory processes of soft tissues. Moreover, there are a number of additional factors that give impetus to the development of periodontal disease. Dentists list the following reasons:

1. Changing the hormonal background.

2. Chronic diseases.

3. Diabetes.

4. Immunodeficiency.

5. Oncological diseases.

6. Taking certain medications.

7. Bad habits, etc.

The disease can take a long time in a slow regime, without causing special troubles to the patient. But then it is rapidly progressing: teeth are loosened and may even fall out. At this stage, medical treatment is almost impossible. Doctors provide comprehensive assistance. The patient is prescribed and taking medications, and professional hygienic procedures, and shinning of mobile units.

Prevention

Undoubtedly, if this time our population paid due attention, we would have much less likely to develop dental diseases. And then we would not have to waste our time, nerves and money to get rid of them. At all times, doctors have warned that the disease is easier to prevent. Therefore, in conclusion, I would like to draw your attention to a few simple recommendations. Prophylaxis of dental diseases does not take you much time.

It is enough just to pay due attention to oral hygiene, monitor your diet and get rid of bad habits. And there is nothing burdensome in a hike to the dentist for preventive examination. Since the disease can manifest itself within six months, it is enough to visit the doctor twice a year.