Bashkir beauty (apple tree): variety description and reviews of gardeners

The pride of any gardener is the fruit-bearing apple tree. Especially if good harvests are pleasing in the localities with sharp weather changes and severe climatic conditions typical for most regions of our country. In the article presented, it will be a question of the Bashkir beauty, perfectly adapted to such troubles. Apple tree, the photo of which is represented for almost a hundred years, cultivated in the territories of the Central and Ural regions, does not give up its positions today, thanks to many advantages highly appreciated by domestic gardeners. Let's talk about them and the basics of farming techniques for cultivating this crop.

Apple tree Bashkir beauty: description. A photo

The early winter variety of Russian selection is a medium-sized tree with a round or wide-pyramidal shape of the crown. Branches move away from the trunk under a sharp, close to the right angle. The structure of the brownish brown bark of the trunk and adult branches is smooth.

A distinctive feature of the variety is the strong pubescence of apical shoots. Their light, almost white shade allows us to recognize this culture in the plantations or nursery - the Bashkir beauty. The apple tree is of medium degree streaked. Large rounded leaves of a juicy-green color, pubescent from below, end with a short pointed tip. The variety is self-fertilizing and needs additional pollination, which is created by Antonovka, or Titanov's Seedling. Young cultures begin to bear fruit for 4-6 years. Fruits of universal purpose are consumed in fresh and processed form. The apples are smooth, regular rounded. Remarkable coloring of ripe fruits - light with a striped raspberry blush. The fine-grained juicy pulp has an excellent sweet and sour taste and a well-pronounced, classical apple flavor, characteristic of the Bashkir beauty variety. The apple tree, the photo of which is represented, has fruits weighing from 90 to 140 grams.

Quality of culture

Bashkir beauty has several advantages:

• Excellent winter hardiness;

• High transportability and preservation of fruits (up to 130 days);

• moderate resistance to disease;

• Good, annual yield (up to 80 kg from one tree);

• rapid restoration of the plant and increase in yield after frosty winters.

Ripen fruit in late August-September. Among the breeders of the apple tree, the Bashkir beauty, the description of which is presented, is valued for the unique possibility of using it as a material for breeding new varieties.

Preparing the site for landing

Harvest apple trees depends on the conditions of its growth. Considered undemanding, this culture nevertheless reacts sharply to unfavorable factors. Therefore, choosing a place for planting an apple tree, it is necessary to take into account all the nuances. The site should be protected as much as possible from cold northern winds and a close groundwater approach , since a strong root system penetrates deeper by 3-4 meters and, when this zone is reached, the roots decay and the plant dies.

The Bashkir beauty grows well and fruitfully on neutral light and medium loams of gray forest soils and chernozems. Comments of gardeners practicing the cultivation of this culture are unanimous: raw soils and groundwater do not allow the plant to develop productively. The classical apple tree planting scheme is 4 * 4 m. The size of the landing pit depends on the age of the seedlings and the volume of the root system, but can not be less than 0.6 m in depth and 0.7-0.8 m in diameter. At the bottom of the pit, a strong stake is slaughtered, which later will serve as a support for the young tree. The top layer of soil taken from the pit is mixed with 20 kg of humus, 60 grams of soil. Superphosphate and 50 th gr. Potassium sulfate.

Planting apple trees

Before planting the seedling is examined, the damaged or rotten fragments of the roots are removed. Have a seedling in the pit from the north side of the stake that was driven into the pit. Its roots are straightened and carefully poured soil, gradually filling the pit. The root neck of the plant should be at a level of 4-5 cm from the ground. Then the soil in the trunk circle is well compacted, but not trampled down. Around the tree is made an earthen roller that retains water during watering. The young plant generously watered and mulched the soil with humus or crushed wood bark with the addition of ashes. Seedling is fixed to the cola with twine (not wire), not pulling it, as this can damage the plant with further growth and thickening of the stem.

Bashkir beauty: apple tree, requiring care

Fruit formation of any culture depends on competent courtship activities. The Bashkir beauty is no exception. The apple tree should be provided with normal food, water and other necessary conditions. The soil in the trunks and row spacing must be periodically loosened (not deeper than 8-12 cm) and cleaned of weeds. Mulching with humus or compost saves gardeners from caring for loosening and weeding, and provides additional nutrition to young plants. Some amateurs use sludge as a method to improve soil structure, but in this case they increase the fertilizer application rate by 20-25%. It is noticed that when the garden is closed, the fruits are more brightly colored and better preserved. Not an exception and the apple tree Bashkir beauty. The opinions of gardeners agree: the delamination improves the soil layer and increases the yield, but the use of rows for vegetable crops does not throw the site out of circulation and increases the productivity of the garden as a whole. The method of containing the crops is selected individually.

Top dressing and watering

The amount of fertilizer introduced during planting is enough for a plant for 2-3 years, then, as the culture grows, additional fertilizing is required, the norms of which depend on the soil structure and the level of its fertility and variety. The Bashkir beauty is an apple tree, very demanding for moisture, and regular watering, adjusted for weather conditions, is very important. In years with a particularly generous harvest, care must be taken to protect the apple tree from the breakage of the branches from the gravity of the apples that are being poured. Use special strong supports with a slingshot at the top.

Forming and trimming

For the qualitative development and increase of fruiting, the apple tree is formed. This mandatory operation should be conducted annually and has several objectives:

• avoid thickening of the tree, leading to a decrease in yield and disease;

• prevent faults;

• remove old branches in time, replacing them with young ones and rejuvenating the tree, thereby increasing fruit formation.

Form the crown in various ways, the most common of which is giving the tree a sparse-tiered form. The method consists in creating tiers of 4-6 main branches, located from each other at a distance of 0.3-0.5 m.

The earlier the formation works begin, the more successfully the operation is carried out. At the first pruning of a two-year-old plant, 2-3 shoots are left on the stem, directed in different directions (but not inside the crown). The central conductor should be longer than the other branches by a third and this proportion should be kept constant.

The article lists the main activities for cultivating such a unique culture as the Bashkir beauty apple tree. Description, photos and explanations for the care of her acquaint with traditional for many regions of the country, high-yielding culture.