Aspiration is a system for cleaning air in hazardous industries

The production of many types of products is associated with the formation of dust suspensions that prevent workers from breathing and threatening their health. Cement factories, crushers, mills, enterprises of the chemical, metallurgical industry and many other economic branches faced the problem of air purity in the shops immediately after their appearance.

With dust and other dangerous contaminants tried to fight, issuing protective equipment for individual use (called respirators and representing the simplest breathing filters), but those were not highly effective. In recent decades, in developed manufacturing companies, an increasingly effective tool for creating normal working conditions is aspiration. This word has a Latin root "spiro" common to the respirator, meaning "breathing".

The task of the aspiration system

At the mentioned enterprises, called harmful production, it is impossible to work without ventilation. With the air being removed, a closed enclosed space leaves various dangerous and unpleasant impurities. Actually, this fact inspired engineers to increase the degree of cleaning, creating the most favorable conditions for the passage of the dust-air mixture.

The aspiration system is a set of technical means that ensures the removal of suspended impurities from working areas of industrial premises in order to reduce their concentration and impact on the human body, as well as their disposal. In other words, it is created in order for people to breathe easily, and the factory or plant did not cause harm to the surrounding nature.

Pipe and fan of the aspiration system

The most important thing in this system is a pipe. But not simple, but special, made so that the dust in it does not get stuck and does not accumulate. It is quite possible to use stubborn pipes, but better perform their function spiral-wound, similar to the hoses of vacuum cleaners. But on this subtleties do not end: the slope of the duct also matters. Dust can be very heavy (for example, cement), therefore the design of aspiration is conducted taking into account the specific nature of the impurities, their physical and chemical properties. The layout of the gasket is often branched, has rotations characterized by the size of the relative fillet, the radius of which should not be less than twice the diameter of the pipe.

The pressure gradient at the input-intake and outlet can be created by the level difference, but the required flow rate is nevertheless given by the fan, without which qualitative aspiration is impossible. This is usually a classic "snail" of low pressure (sometimes several).

Waste treatment

What to do about polluted air? Just throwing it into the atmosphere is not only unethical in relation to the inhabitants of adjacent urban or rural areas, but also fraught with imposing amounts of fines imposed on industries whose management does not want to treat the environment with due respect. Therefore, there is a direct sense of separation of harmful inclusions. This task is solved by two devices connected in series - a separator and a filter.

The collected "garbage" in some cases can be used for recycling, but then its volume should be reduced, so it is pressed and collected in special containers.

So, if the air purification system consists of a pipeline, a pump, a separator, a filter and a collection of recyclable waste, then this is aspiration. Ventilation is only a part of it, providing pneumatic transportation of the air-dust mixture.

Monoblock aspiration systems

For all the simplicity of the principle of action, there are various ways to implement it. The most widespread was a monoblock circuit, in which dust extraction devices are installed at each workplace that pollutes the air. They can be stationary or mobile. Such aspiration is an analogue of the already mentioned vacuum cleaner with its own regular cleaning bin, its own fan (air pump) and a short air duct, which, depending on the degree of mobility, is a flexible hose or rigidly installed pipe. Monoblocks are produced serially, which determines their relatively low cost.

Modular systems

Large enterprises with strong dustiness of working areas with monoblock aspiration devices can not do. High performance is required with simplicity of service, because the constant need to clean up a large number of small collections is too time-consuming. In this case, a typical approach is a rarity, except that the production cycle itself is standardized, and it provides for such an important system as aspiration at the design stage. This happens when a mill or a plant of a certain type is "turnkey" and meets the highest environmental standards. More often, firms involved in solving the problem of air pollution in the work area are involved in the modernization of long-running industries, which require individual study of all technological issues.