HealthMedicine

As in blood tests, hemoglobin is indicated: basic indices and transcript

One of the most important criteria to control the development of a variety of diseases is hemoglobin. As in blood tests hemoglobin is designated, every patient knows, perhaps. Why is it so important in the life of our body, what are the norms of this indicator, how to raise the level of hemoglobin, we will understand in more detail.

The concept of hemoglobin

The blood pigment hemoglobin consists of two important components: the protein globin, and the non-protein, heme, which contains iron. All hemoglobin in the human body is in red blood cells (erythrocytes). Constructing the most complex compounds around the iron atoms, globin is responsible for the respiratory system of the body as a whole, for supplying oxygen to tissues from the pulmonary alveoli, for transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs from the tissues. Hemoglobin maintains the acid-base balance of the blood. During human breathing, hemoglobin captures oxygen in the lungs, adapts it and carries it through the tissues of the body to each cell to ensure normal oxidative processes. After that, hemoglobin also collects all the produced carbon dioxide and sends it back to the lungs for further removal from the body.

Every literate person should know how hemoglobin is indicated in the blood test. The process of oxygen transportation is constant and continuous. In the blood plasma there is only 2% of oxygen, the rest is transferred by hemoglobin. The human life depends on the normal functioning of this process.

As in blood tests, hemoglobin is indicated. Norm

The norm of hemoglobin in the blood in children is significantly underestimated compared to adults. If before five years the value will show 110-130 units, then do not worry, it's perfectly normal. With age, every four years, hemoglobin rises by 5 units. Approximately before the age of 12, the testimony of girls and boys does not differ, the sex does not play any role during this period. Only after puberty in men and women, hemoglobin differs by approximately 10%.

Having received the result, you should know how hemoglobin is indicated in blood analysis in Latin letters. Hemoglobin - Hb. Having found this value, pay attention to the numbers. In men, the normal indications of hemoglobin are from 130 to 160 g / l. For women, the norm is 120-150 g / l. With age, watch the numbers, they should not go down. If there was a drop in the indication of hemoglobin, you need to take measures, to achieve correction of normal results.

Iron in the body

As hemoglobin is indicated in the general blood test, we understood. Well, what role does iron play? The human body constantly needs to exchange iron, this process is continuous. The norm of the content of this element in the body of an adult is 3-4 g. In case of high demand, 20% is always deposited by the body. Daily from 30 to 35 mg of iron is carried by blood plasma. Most receive red marrow. Here, ripening red blood cells include iron in their composition. Erythrocytes contain 60% of the total body iron. The daily requirement for this element in women is 18 mg, in men - 10 mg. Pregnant and lactating women should receive 20-30 mg of iron per day on a daily basis. As in blood tests, hemoglobin is indicated, you already know. Having found this indicator, you can determine whether you need an additional source of iron.

Reduced hemoglobin

Reduced hemoglobin is a clear sign of iron deficiency in the body. The level of its content decreases, as a result, the level of hemoglobin in the blood decreases. What is the reason?

  • Lack of microelement through food.
  • Impaired absorption of iron in the body.
  • Significant hemorrhage.

Often the lack of iron is felt by those who prefer vegetarian food. Often the nutritional deficiency of this element is found among vegetarians. The situation is aggravated if there is a shortage of vitamin B12, which is contained in animal products. Vegetable products contain non-heme iron, and it is poorly absorbed, by about 6-10%, in contrast to the heme-containing foods in animals. It is absorbed by 25%. Patients with anorexia nervosa often suffer from alimentary iron deficiency. Knowing how hemoglobin is indicated in the blood test, you can easily check if you have any signs of anemia, whether you need additional sources of iron.

Signs of decreased hemoglobin

Lowering the hemoglobin level significantly affects the health status. People who lead a sedentary lifestyle may not immediately notice changes, those who are physically engaged feel weakness, a breakdown. What are the signs of anemia (iron deficiency)?

  • Dry, pale skin and mucous membranes.
  • With a lack of B12, the surface of the tongue is smooth, hyperemic, painful.
  • Nails are exfoliated, hair is broken.
  • Fissures in the corners of the mouth.

How is hemoglobin indicated in blood tests? Easy to remember: Hb - hemoglobin. Knowing the norms, it is necessary to monitor this indicator for yourself and your loved ones. With a severe form of anemia, there are neurological disorders: a perversion of appetite, a change in the sense of smell, inflammation of the optic nerve, headaches, paresthesia. Intellectual and behavioral disorders are violated in children. In the elderly, adaptive mechanisms decrease, there is a lack of blood supply to tissues. Possible dizziness, fainting.

How to raise the level of hemoglobin

Having understood, what letters designates a hemoglobin in analyzes of a blood, check up the results. Are there any signs of anemia? It is necessary to take all measures to increase the level of hemoglobin. This is very important for the state of the whole organism.

First, the doctor must find out the reason for lowering your blood hemoglobin level. If the causes are significant: blood loss, death of red blood cells - these factors must be eliminated by symptomatic treatment. In these cases, iron-containing drugs are prescribed.

With a small deficiency of hemoglobin, a diet with high iron content, PP, C, B vitamins is recommended. When preparing the ration, it should be remembered that iron is divided into gem, which is absorbed by 25%, and non-heme (about 6%). Heat treatment oxidizes iron, and it is unsuitable for the production of hemoglobin. Tea and coffee are best excluded from the diet: free radicals present there slow down the absorption of iron. Drink cocoa. Products suitable for a diet:

  • Red meat.
  • Citrus.
  • By-products, in particular veal and pork liver.
  • Hard cheeses.
  • Potatoes.
  • Green salads.
  • Egg yolk.
  • Black bread.
  • Brewer's yeast.

Increased hemoglobin

Hb - so denotes hemoglobin blood test, its rate in women - 120-150, for men - 130-160. Well, if the indicators exceed the allowable, what does this mean? You should watch this, you need to go through a full examination with a doctor. Elevated levels of hemoglobin - a witness of some body dysfunctions:

  • Hemoglobinemia (when the destroyed red blood cells get into the blood plasma).
  • Erythrocytosis (increase in the number of erythrocytes in the blood serum).
  • Intestinal obstruction.
  • Excess of vitamin B12 or B9.
  • Pulmonary insufficiency.
  • Cancerous tumors.
  • Increased sugar levels.

With long-term exposure to fresh air in athletes, pilots may have hemoglobin. This is often observed among the inhabitants of the mountains, where the air is rarefied. Excess hemoglobin adversely affects health. The state, working capacity deteriorates, blood thickening , viscosity, as consequence - bad current circulation, blood does not manage to deliver oxygen to the organs. Hence cardiovascular diseases, the formation of blood clots, plaques, then - heart attacks, strokes. From the diet should exclude foods high in iron, fatty, fried foods, vitamins C and B. Go for a sparing diet and blood thinning medications prescribed by the doctor.

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