Analysis, characteristics of the characters and a summary: Abramov, "Fatherlessness"

In the 60s of the XX century. In the USSR, many works devoted to work were written. Most of them were sugary-pretentious, not reflecting reality. A happy exception was a novel written in 1961 by Fyodor Abramov - "Fatherlessness". Briefly written (in comparison with the stories of other authors), this work touched on a mass of important problems, and also showed the actual state of things in the villages of that time.

Fyodor Abramov

In each work his creator puts a part of the soul, often using facts from his own biography.

Therefore, it is worth familiarizing with the author's biography before analyzing its heroes, and also learn the short content of the story "Fatherlessness".

Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich was born in February 1920 in the village of Verkola, Arkhangelsk province. His father was a cabman, and his mother a peasant woman.

Alexander Stepanovich Abramov died very early, leaving his wife alone with 5 children. Thus, the future writer grew up without a father, like the protagonist of the story, which later was written by Abramov F. - "Fatherlessness" (a summary in section 3). Despite this and other problems, the young man struggled to knowledge.

In 1938, Abramov graduated with a ten-year degree with distinction, which allowed him to enter the Faculty of Philology without examinations to Leningrad University.

When the Great Patriotic War broke out, Fyodor Alexandrovich, leaving his studies, went to fight in the people's militia as a volunteer. During the war years, he was wounded more than once, but constantly returned to the front.

In the autumn of 1945 Abramov was demobilized, and he returned to the university.

After graduation from the graduate school, the writer remained to teach at his home university, after becoming an assistant professor and began to head the department of Soviet literature.

In the same years he began to write. His debut novel "Brothers and Sisters" was published in 1958 by the journal "Neva". It can not be said that the publication of "Brothers and Sisters" became a grandiose event in the literature of that time. However, this novel was liked by many and allowed Abramov to leave his teaching career and concentrate on literature.

In subsequent years, the writer published 3 novels, which, together with the debut, are included in the cycle "Brothers and Sisters." He also wrote many stories and stories ("What the horses are crying", "The Golden Hands", "When you do it in conscience", "The Last Village's Old Man", "The Fatherlessness") Abramov. The summary of many of them was reduced to describing the life of the village. The author himself vehemently opposed her idealization, which was a frequent phenomenon in those years. He outlined his views on this issue in the article "The People of the Collective Farm Village in Postwar Literature." And although Abramov officially denied his own words because of the threat to be fired, in future years he remained true to his aesthetic ideals.

The name of Fyodor Abramov was repeatedly in the center of literary scandals, he always remained a popular writer.

Fyodor Aleksandrovich Abramov died in 1983 and was buried in Leningrad, and in his native village a memorial museum was opened.

Rural prose

Abramov was a representative of the popular literary trend "rural prose" in the 1950s-1980s.

As Valentin Rasputin and Vasily Shukshin, Fyodor Alexandrovich touched in his works the problems of his contemporary village. Along with realism, rural prose was also marked by the active use by writers of common folk vocabulary, so exotic for the ear of urban residents.

In connection with the collapse of the USSR, other issues became topical in the society, and since the 1990s, This current is going through its decline.

Fedor Abramov "Fatherlessness": a short summary for the readers diary

Mowing in one of the collective-farm villages (Gribovo). Everybody worked in the field, and only Volodya Frolov, a loony, loitered about nothing.

Because of his young age he was left for a cook. However, he did not fulfill the duties, but traveled by horse to look after the bathing girls.

After another trick (went hunting for squirrels and not tied the horses), they decided to send him along with Kuzma Antipin mowing at the Sopotky. There no one particularly wanted to go, because it was very uncomfortable to reach, and it was not easy to mow, because of the uneven landscape.

Arriving at the place, the guy first dreamed of taking revenge on the new boss for the recent insult, but gradually began to get respected to him. After all, Kuzma did not treat him like others. He allowed Volodka to run the mower, shared food with him, and respectfully called him Vladimir.

When most of the grass was mowed, it turned out that no one from the village was in a hurry to come and clean it. The weather began to deteriorate and the heroes were worried that their work would be lost. Learning that the village club will be walking, the guy on the pretext that it is necessary to take the bulletin to Gribovo, left the Shopots, leaving Kuzma alone.

At home no one expected. His mother had gone somewhere, would leave him a festive treat, and the authorities were so drunk that he was not interested in a summary or with Smokets. The young man read the report and saw that Kuzma had honestly calculated both his workday and absenteeism. Inspired Volodka went to the club and wanted to show off to everyone. However, they did not pay attention to him, and even the fight came out.

Disappointed, the main character remembered Kuzma and decided to help him.

Analysis of the story and its problems

Despite the fact that "Fatherless" refers to rural prose, it addresses eternal problems. First of all, it is the relationship between the individual and society. On the example of Volodka and Kuzma, it shows how hard it is for a thinking person to find his place in life. Abramov skillfully portrays how indifference and connivance society creates problems. So, the main character is a clever boy and an excellent worker, but no one perceives him seriously, considering him a second-class person. In revenge, the boy constantly exploits the pity of others to justify his leprosy. Only after meeting a truly indifferent person, Volodka ceases to portray "sirotinushka" and shows her best features.

Careerism is another of the problems that Abramov touched upon in the story "The Fatherlessness" (a short summary above). A vivid example of this is the behavior of Volodka's main enemy, Nikolai.

A red thread through the whole work is the theme of educating a real person. Despite the fact that in Gribovo like a lot of good people, only Kuzma chooses himself as a mentor Volodka.

Next, it is worth paying attention to the characteristics of the main characters of the story, having considered earlier the analysis and summary.

Abramov "Fatherlessness": the main characters

In the center of the narrative is a 15-year-old boy named Vladimir Frolov. The mother gave birth to him from the unknown, and the brand of fatherlessness was forever laid upon the child. Villagers refer to him as a second-class person, while the guy is much smarter than them. He successfully uses their ostentatious pity, remaining unpunished for numerous misdemeanors.

The party peasant Kuzma Antipin is also, to a certain extent, an antisocial element. However, if Volodka is not accepted for his unwillingness to obey the general foundations, then Antipin is not loved just because he is excessively following them and demanding it from others. Unlike the boy, his mentor reconciled to the state of things, but continues to bend his line.

Kuzma at first seems an ideal character, from the point of view of agitation works of the Soviet era, towards the end of the story, the author shows his shortcomings. So for the nobility Kuzma has to pay personal happiness. His wife Mary does not understand and does not accept his aspirations. Especially because worrying about the collective farm, he does not care about his house.

Not the last role in the plot is played by the mongrel dog Volodka - Pooh. Like her master, she was thrown out onto the street, but the boy sheltered her. For this Pooh sincerely loved Volodka, and faithfully served him. In fact, Frolov did for the dog the same as Kuzma for him - he believed in it.

As a show-off and a careerist, Comrade Volodka-Kolka is shown. He is the antipode of the protagonist. Nikolai is a good worker who has earned respect. In this case only Kuzma sees its essence.

The theme of love in the story

Having dealt with the protagonists, as well as learning the summary (Abramov "Fatherlessness"), it is worth paying attention to the image of love and the main female images.

For Volodka an important role is played by two women: the mother and Nyura-bookkeeper. The author hints that the boy's mother is quite a windy person. Volodka was born not from great love, but from an accidental encounter, during which, after giving in to a fleeting impulse, the woman became pregnant. Having born a son, she cares for him, as expected, but does not show true love for him.

Do not answer the feelings of Frolov and superficial Nyurochka. Describing her arrival in rural dances, Abramov uses the phrase "Nyurochka, he learned at once - on lacquered boots, flashed in a lighted puddle." This is the whole heroine - shiny and bright outside, but gray inside, like water in a puddle. Volodka she does not take seriously, calling "a miracle pea". All her sympathies are on the side of Kolki. At the end of the story, the hero is disappointed in her and becomes indifferent.

Only Pooh really loves Volodka. Awareness of this gives the hero of power a different look at your own life.

Much worse things with love are with Kuzma. Despite the fact that he and his wife have 2 children and a third on the way, there is no mutual understanding between them. It seems that the man therefore does not go to the holiday home and lives on haymaking to hide from his wife.

Picture of collective farmers

In the uncomplicated plot of his work, Fyodor Abramov manages to consider many important problems. "Fatherlessness" (a summary for the readers' diary in paragraph 3) shows the real attitude of the collective farmers to their work. For most of the heroes, the number of workdays that will be recorded by them, rather than the welfare of the collective farm, is important. Having got on the Smokies, Volodka notes that in this place very dense grass grows, which can become an excellent food for cows and prevent their death from hunger in the spring. However, due to laziness and intimacy, the villagers are not in a hurry to develop this territory, and also to remove the mown hay. Instead, collective farmers are sent to celebrate another holiday, nullifying the works of Kuzma and Volodka.

On the other hand, many of the collective farmers can be understood, especially women. After all, during haymaking, everyone is forcibly driven to work, not particularly interested in their problems. So, chasing the truck with the girls, Volodka notes that among the "mobilized" to fight for the harvest was the newly born young woman Shura. And how worried are the public worries of a barely giving birth to a woman with a baby? In addition, if we recall the description of the life and concerns of collective farmers in the play "Pharaohs" written by Alexei Kolomiets, written 2 years before "Bezotsovshchina", one can understand why most of Abramov's characters are indifferent to social welfare.

Why the story has an open ending

The final of the story leaves open Fedor Abramov. "Fatherlessness" (the summary is presented to the attention of the reader above) does not give an answer to whether Volodka will come to Kuzma and whether they will become friends again.

The author left the ending open, following the fashion of that time, and also for each reader to decide for himself how he represents the future of the characters.

How can the fate of Volodka Frolov

After reviewing the main characters and a brief summary (Abramov "Fatherlessness"), you can fantasize a bit about the fate of Volodka in the future.

According to the optimistic scenario, Kuzma will forgive the boy and they will have a real friendship between them. Volodka will go to school, and after the army will return to his native collective farm and become one of his best employees. Possessing a more flexible mind than Antipin, Frolov learn how to get on with colleagues and will become one of the most prominent and respected people in Gribovo.

However, another scenario is possible. Kuzma does not accept Volodya's apology and he will finally be disappointed in people. As a result - either turn into a rural drunkard, or remain a lonely person.

The screening of the "Fatherless"

Having learned the short content (Abramov "The Fatherless") of the story, you can compare it with the movie "Your Land", based on its motives in 1973.

The main storyline of the story was preserved unchanged. But some points were added. In particular, the image of Kolki became more voluminous, the audience was shown all the meanness of his behavior, and also told about his aspirations to look at the world.

Also in the movie appears the mother of the protagonist (in the story appear only the mention of it). After listening to Kuzma's advice, the guy intercedes for the mother, when one of the drunken guests insults her. Thanks to this, the relationship between them is improving.

In comparison with the story, in the tape the character of the collective farm managers is embellished, and the situation with ignoring Kuzma's work is played as a chain of misunderstandings.

The "Grass-Murava" Cycle

Description of rural life devoted a lot of books Abramov F. ("Fatherfather", "Grass-moor"). The brief content of this story and this cycle of laconic short stories in many respects echoes. As in "The Bezotsenzhchina" and in the "Trave-Murav", the writer ironically over attempts by people to appear smarter than they really are ("When with God for" You "," Hyperbola "); Promotes respect for animals ("Wagtail"); Grieve over the misunderstanding of the inhabitants of creative personalities ("Mother of the Artist").

All these stories are more like anecdotes from rural life or parting words. At their brevity, they have a capacious content and do not leave the reader indifferent.

Having learned the short content (Abramov "Fatherlessness") of the story, one can understand a lot about the life of the inhabitants of villages in the USSR. In particular, they were ordinary people, and not heroes, which they portrayed the cinema of that time. And although much has changed today, the eternal problems, so cleverly portrayed by the author, have not lost their relevance. For this reason, anyone who finds time to read this work in full will find in it a lot of useful information.