75 account - "Settlements with the founders". Accounts in accounting

Account 75 "Settlements with founders" is used to summarize data on all types of cash transactions performed with company participants (AO shareholders, members of a general partnership, a cooperative, and so on). Municipal and state unitary institutions use it to reflect all types of transfer of funds between them and state authorities and local government authorized to establish such enterprises. This account is suggested to apply the developers of the new instruction to the plan. Previously, such transactions were recorded at an acc. 77. Let's consider in detail details of this account in accounting.

Specification

The article under consideration can additionally be opened with:

• Sub. 75.1 on the calculation of contributions to the stock (statutory) capital;
• Sub. 75.2 on transactions relating to income payments, and other items.

The first sub-account is applied to unitary enterprises to reflect operations performed with the state or municipal authority regarding property transferred to economic management / operational management. For example, this takes place in the formation of the institution, replenishment of working capital, the withdrawal of material values. Such enterprises are called sub. 75.1 "Settlements for the allocated property". The information on the item is reflected in the order similar to fixing of contributions to the capital.

Calculation and payment of profit

Subc. 75.2 summarizes information on transactions relating to the payment of income to the founders. The accrual of receipts is shown by Db cc. 84. Corresponds to the account 75. Postings on calculation and payment of incomes of the personnel of the enterprise are made with use сч. 70. It reflects cash transactions with employees by salary. When you pay income 75 account is debited. With him correspondent articles fixing the movement of money. If, with the participation in other companies, the payment of income is effected by the services, works or merchandise of these enterprises, as well as by securities and others, 75 the account is also debited. At the same time, he correlates with articles reflecting the implementation of relevant values. Subc. 75.2 is also applied for the reflection of operations on the distribution of income, losses and other financial results under contracts of a simple partnership.

Creating an AO

When forming a joint-stock company, the amount of debt on the redemption of securities is accepted at Db ac. 75 in correspondence with сч. 80, reflecting the authorized capital. At actual receipt of contributions in the monetary form, records are made by KD in correspondence with the articles fixing the movement of finance. With the contribution of material and other (excluding cash) funds and valuables, 75 the account is credited. In the records, the credit is credited to the credit. 08, reflecting non-current assets, cc. 10 ("Materials"), cf. 15 for the acquisition and procurement of mat. Values, etc. Similarly, calculations with the founders on contributions to the capital of companies of other organizational and legal types are shown. The recording is made at the same time as its entire length, specified in the documentation. If the sale of shares is carried out at a value higher than the nominal, the resulting sum difference is transferred to Kd. 83. The profit tax on participation in the enterprise, which are subject to withholding, is reflected in DB dd. 75 and Cd. Sc. 68.

Analytics

Settlements with the founders are reflected for each entity. The only exception is the shareholders-owners of bearer securities in JSC. Analytical accounting of transactions with participants / founders within the group of interrelated companies, on the activity of which consolidated reporting is formed, is made by acc. 75 apart.

Specificity

In the characteristic of the sc. 75 there is one significant refinement. It reflects transactions with participants of enterprises. As a founder and participant can act one subject. But in practice quite often they are different people. 75 account in the balance sheet is characterized, on the one hand, as an article intended for the procedure of replenishment of capital. On the other hand, the accrual and payment of profit to the subjects passes through it.

Explained

When forming an enterprise, it becomes necessary to record: Db 75.1 Cd 80

Such a recording in the methodological sense differs significantly from the traditional provisions. The fact is that when you debit sub. 75.1 accounts receivable are formed. The amount of obligations of participants immediately creates an asset. This case is considered to be the only one in accounting. As a rule, the obligations that arise under the terms of the contract are not reflected. The accountant fixes only the debt that comes from the execution of the agreement. For example, an obligation arising from a supply contract is not reflected. At the same time, indebtedness for the already delivered batch of products is shown. A feature that is provided for inv. 75 compilers of the plan, it is necessary to take into account. When calculating the liquidity and coverage ratios, quasi-accounts receivable must be withdrawn from the amount providing the obligation. 75 account originated, in fact, because there is a dogma, according to which, at the moment, once an enterprise is established, its statutory capital must be immediately reflected in the accounts. Participants can contribute different assets to it. If they are paid by non-monetary means, then they must undergo an independent evaluation procedure. At receipt of contributions the entry is made:

• The debit of articles on the reflection of money,
• Credit sub. 75.1

Sale of shares

Due to it, the authorized capital is replenished in the AO. When securities are sold at a price higher than the nominal value, the credit is credited to this difference. 83. Such a method is proposed by the drafters of recommendations to the Chart of Accounts. Theoretically, the operation can be reflected in Db cc. 98.1. This is due to the fact that, in accordance with the current accounting principles, the amount of the authorized capital can not change. In this regard, it was proposed to introduce a regulating counter. 83. But the overpaid funds should be correlated with the forthcoming expenses only in the event that they become real incomes of the enterprise.

Features of payments of profit

Subc. 75.2 is used for settlements with founders who are not listed in the company's staff. It was said above that if the employee is a member of a firm, the monetary transactions with it are reflected in the acc. 70. When announcing the payment of income, a record is made: Db 84 Cd 75.2.

From the amount accrued by the accountant, taxes are withheld: Db 75.2 Kd 68.

The income from participation in the companies that receives physical persons is taxed at a rate of 30%. At the same time, the amount is reduced by the amount of the deduction from profit, which was aimed at distributing the proceeds among the participants.