Writer Vera Panova. Biography of Panova Vera Feodorovna

Panov's faith is known to the modern reader mainly as a teacher and character of Sergei Dovlatov. Her books are not read by many today. This woman, in fact, is a classic of Soviet literature. Vera Panova is a writer whose books were loved by both the mass reader and the intellectual elite of the times of the USSR.

Short creative biography

Her work includes scripts, plays, stories, novels, novels. In them, Vera Panova raises the social and moral problems of her era. She analyzes the psychology of relationships and characters. The most popular were the novels "Satellites" and "Serezha" (respectively 1946 and 1955), as well as novels "Kruzhilikha" and "Seasons" (1947 and 1953). She created in 1958 "Sentimental novel", which became a portrait of the generation of the 20-ies of the 20 century. Vera Panova is a laureate of Stalin, as well as the State Prize of the USSR (three times - in 1947, 48 and 50 years).

Vera Fedorovna's Family

She was born in 1905, on March 7, in the city of Rostov-on-Don. The father of the future writer is an impoverished merchant, who later served as an assistant accountant in a Rostov bank. When Vera was 5 years old (in 1910) he died tragically, drowning in Don. Therefore, the mother of the Faith, who was a music teacher by profession, had to raise her children to a very modest salaried clerk's salary, as well as a widow's pension received from the bank.

Childhood Faith Panova

The early years of the future celebrity were difficult. They passed in need and poverty. But Panova became acquainted with the life of the urban suburbs, and the way of life of the common people. Contradictory were the impressions of childhood. From a young age, along with colorful paintings of the festive city of Rostov, the future writer also remembered the everyday life of provincial life. She found the end of old Russia. The Civil War and the October Revolution shook the habitual way of life. All the vicissitudes of this turbulent time experienced on himself and Rostov. Several times the authorities have changed in the city. Only in early 1920 he became finally Soviet.

Panova graduated from the 4th grade of the gymnasium before the revolution. From the continuation of training had to be abandoned due to lack of funds. At home the girl was engaged in self-education. She read a lot, very early began to write poetry.

The first works

Panova Vera Fedorovna has been regularly printed since 17 years in such newspapers as "Soviet South", "Youth of the Don", "Trudovoy Don" and others. She published under the pseudonyms V. Staroselskaya (the surname of the writer's husband) and Vera Veltman a lot of satirical articles, articles, essays, correspondence. At the same time, feuilletons were best published from the pen of a young writer ("The Metropolitan Litera", "Fig leaf", "The High Priest", "Veterinary in Chernigov", "Unrecognized genius", "Three outgoing"). These publications brought Vera Panova the first local fame. They did not pass without a trace and for further creativity, leaving a delicate flair of humor and subtle irony, which will later be present in many of her famous works.

Acquaintance with the literary circle

For many years, journalism remains Panova's main work. Engaged in it, she met A. Fadeyev, Yu. Yuzovsky, V. Stavsky, N. Pogodin in the editorial offices of newspapers. Arrived in Rostov A. Marienhof, V. Mayakovsky, A. Lunacharsky, S. Yesenin. Vera Panova worked until the middle of the 30-ies in children's magazines and newspapers in Rostov ("Horn", "Fire", "Lenin's grandchildren").

Moving to Ukraine

In the winter of 1934-1935 there was a tragic fracture in the fate of the writer. On a false charge, B. Vakhtin, her second husband, was arrested. Afraid of persecution, Panova Vera Fedorovna moved with her children to Ukraine, to the Poltava region (Shishaki village). Here she writes a tragedy in verse about the unequal struggle of the Spanish Republicans with the Francoists.

The drama Panova

Vera Feodorovna's interest in drama turned out to be very strong. He manifested itself throughout her creative work. When Vera Panova, whose biography is described in this article, moved to Leningrad in 1933, she took seriously the problems of the theater. In pre-war plays "Ilya Kosogor" and "In Old Moscow" (respectively, in 1939 and 1940) Panova turned to the years preceding the revolution - to the image of the everyday life of middle-class townsfolk, who proved tenacious in the following years. In Moscow, the play appeared on stage in 1940, directed by Y. Zavadsky. She was rehearsed at the Leningrad Theater. Pushkin before the war (director - L. Vivienne).

The Great Patriotic War in the life of the writer

Panova met the Great Patriotic War in the city of Pushkin, located near Leningrad. No time to evacuate before the arrival of the Germans Vera Panova. The biography of the writer in wartime develops as follows. With the child (in Ukraine, in Shishak, there were two children) Panova got with huge difficulties to the Ukrainian village. Subsequently, impressions from this path were reflected in the play called "Snowstorm", as well as in Vera Panova's last autobiographical novel "About My Life, Books and Readers". In the occupied territory, in the village, Vera learned from her own experience the depth of the calamities of the people. From this test she came out hardened morally, full of new ideas.

Moving to Perm, the story "Satellites"

Panova managed at the end of 1943 to move from Ukraine to Perm. This city played a big role in her life, since it was here, in the editorial office of one of the newspapers, she was instructed to go on as a correspondent on a medical train in order to write a brochure on the work experience of the staff on the results of the trip. So in 1946, the story "Satellites" was created, one of the best works of the writer, which became a classic of the literature of the Soviet period. After that, Panov was admitted to the Writers' Union of the USSR.

The story became a loud sensation in the world of literature. It was a huge success with readers. In the work - only true, there is not a drop of lies. Panova in a year will be awarded the Stalin Prize - a sign of state recognition. The "satellites", as is well known, were highly estimated by Stalin himself. To Panova success came quite late: the all-Union debut of the writer took place when she was already over forty.

Vera Panova, whose photo is presented at the beginning of the article, managed to create in this story a small but expressive gallery of characters. Heroes are dedicated to individual chapters: "Julia Dmitrieva", "Doctor Belov", "Lena", "Danilov." "Satellites" by construction - a chain of portrait novels that create a vast, holistic art project invisible to the reader.

"Evdokia"

In 1945, the writer Vera Panova created the first novel - The Family of Pirozhkovs ("Evdokia" edited in 1959). "Evdokia" Panova was inclined to consider her real debut in literature, since she first wrote in her usual manner.

"Kruzhilikha"

The novel "Kruzhilikha" is published in 1947. He narrates about the people of the Ural wartime factory. "Kruzhilikha" - a novel about a working village called Motovilikha. The main conflict between the works is between Listopad, the director of the plant, and Uzdechkin, the trade union leader. It lies, unlike most other works related to the genre of "production" novels, in the moral sphere. It is this side of "Kruzhilikha" that has provoked conflicting assessments and the greatest doubts in numerous discussions. However, the writer Vera Panova remained faithful to herself in this work: she was always worried and interested in moral problems. From the internal qualities of people depended all "production".

Further creativity

Panova Vera Fedorovna, whose biography interests us, creates a number of novels and novels in the following years: "Clear Beach", "Sentimental Novel", "The Seasons" (respectively - 1949, 1958 and 1953).

The story "Seryozha", written in 1955 ode, opens a series of works about children: "Boy and Girl", "Volodya", "Valya" and others.

The adaptation of "Serezha"

This short story attracts the attention of Igor Talankin and George Danelia, the beginning directors. They offer the writer to participate in the creation of the script. The film of the same name was a resounding success. He received a grand prize in Karlovy Vary, at the International Film Festival. Ideally, Panova's prose is embedded in the thaw cinema, because in the center it is the human soul, and not the state machine.

Works on historical themes

The writer Panova in recent years began to create works on historical themes. She writes stories dedicated to Ancient Rus, Ivan the Terrible, the period of the Troubles. They were published in a book published in 1966 entitled "Faces at the dawn". According to the author, "mosaic technique" was used in historical portraits and paintings. The panorama of history consisted of separate fragments of the past. Analogues and allusions are full of these works. The writer pushed her readers to reflections, comparisons. The most important topic was the problem of the people and power, tyranny and responsibility before the nation and the state. The last book Panova was published in 1975, after her death. It is called "About my life, books and readers."

Many works translated the main works of Vera Panova.

Last years

After attending a congress of Soviet writers, in the summer of 1967, Panova returned to Leningrad from Moscow extremely exhausted, but nevertheless continued to work. The consequences were catastrophic: the writer suffered a stroke, from which she could not recover until the end of her life. But even in these darkened years she showed great willpower and continued to work.

The writer Panova Vera Fedorovna creates new plays, the artistic biography of Muhammad (the prophet), historical miniatures. It was at this time that some pages of memoir prose were written.

Acquaintance with Sergey Dovlatov

Sergei Dovlatov lived in the same house with a writer. He was an evildoer. His character, of whom he would not have written, inevitably immediately became the hero of a not very pleasant comic theater. I knew Vera Panova Dovlatov well. He worked in the late 60's literary secretary of the writer. Panova appears from the pages of his prose as the embodiment of the moral norm. Not a single bad word is said about it. This is the only positive character in the entire work of Dovlatov.

Death of Vera Panova

Vera Feodorovna died in 1973, on March 3. The writer at Leningrad, in the cemetery in Komarovo, was buried.

On the facade of the house, located at the Marsovo Field, 7, there is a commemorative granite board on which it is written that from 1948 to 1970 Vera Fyodorovna Panova worked and lived here. In memory of the writer her name is one of the most beautiful squares in Leningrad.