Wound of gunshot. First aid for gunshot wounds

In today's troubled world, one must be prepared for any situation. And sometimes you just need to know some simple rules that can save a person's life. This article should tell you what a gunshot wound is and what help a wounded person can have before the ambulance arrives.

About terminology

At the very beginning, you need to understand the concepts that will be actively used in the article. So, a wound is damage to organs and tissues, which is accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the skin. Wounds are accompanied by pain, bleeding, divergence of the edges of damaged areas and, of course, often a violation of the normal functioning of the damaged part of the body. A gunshot wound is a damage obtained with the help of a firearm.

About types of wounds

It is also worth mentioning that a gunshot wound can be different. The first classification - depending on the availability of input and output holes:

1. Blind wound. In this case, the wounded person sticks in the human body.
2. End-to-end wound. In this case, the object that injures the body passes through the tissues through and through.

The second classification, depending on the subject of injury:

1. Wound of soft tissues - skin, muscles, nerve endings, tendons, vessels.
2. Damage to bones.

The following classification - depending on the penetration of the injuring object:

1. Penetrating into the body cavity of the wound. In this case, the bullet penetrates the abdominal, cranial, articular, and other cavities of a person.
2. Non-penetrating into the body cavity of the wound.

And the last classification - by the mechanism of wound application. In this case, they distinguish cut, chopped, chopped, bitten, scalped, smashed, bruised, ripped and, of course, gunshot wounds.

First aid

Very important is the correctly rendered first aid for a gunshot wound. After all, sometimes it happens that before the arrival of an ambulance a person can die, simply not having waited for the simplest actions from outsiders. And everything happens because people often simply do not know how to act properly and what to do in order to protect a person from death. How can you help a victim if he has a gunshot wound?

1. At the very beginning, the wound should be freed from clothing. This is necessary in order to evaluate it and to understand how serious bleeding is.
2. Further it is necessary to stop bleeding, even if it is at first glance and insignificant. If the blood goes away a little, you can simply raise the wound site so that it can not flow out (if the limbs are injured). Otherwise, the place of bleeding should be clamped with your finger (by transferring the blood flow). Next, you need to try to apply a tourniquet slightly above the wound itself. If there is nothing suitable at hand, you need to tear off a strip of cloth from the clothes and strongly squeeze the place above the wound.
3. Treatment of the wound. Only in the event that the bleeding has stopped, the wound should be tried to be washed, disinfected. To do this, it is good to use alcohol or hydrogen peroxide. Next, the place around can be treated with iodine to avoid infection. And only after that the wound can be bandaged with a sterile bandage. All these medicines must be in any car medicine chest. So if there was a gunshot wound, you should try to stop any car and ask for a first aid kit from the driver.
4. If the bullet hit the bone (to determine this "by eye" is very difficult), the place of injury must be properly fixed. So, it will be necessary to impose a tire. For this, any handy materials can be useful.
5. It is important to remember that a person with a gunshot wound can not always be moved, transported by himself. Sometimes a bullet damages internal organs so that the slightest unskilled movement can greatly harm a person. So before arriving "fast" the wounded is best not to touch. The only thing, it should be tried to protect from hypothermia, overheating or rain.

Wounds wound

Separately, we also need to talk about the dangers of gunshot wounds to the limbs. So, these are the most common wounds. In addition, they are very dangerous, because they are fraught with a severe loss of blood. Therefore, in the case of firearms, limbs in a person at the very beginning need to find the wound itself and do everything to stop the blood. By the way, its color can be determined whether it is venous or arterial. Venous blood has a dark color. The arterial is often scarlet, and it also leaves the body wounded with a fountain. If the bleeding is venous, it is better not to apply a tourniquet, but a pressure bandage. In any case, it is worth remembering that all these auxiliary items can be imposed for no more than two hours on the body (most often during this time the wounded is already being transferred to the doctors of the "ambulance"). You also need to decide whether the integrity of the bones is not compromised. If the bone is broken, it must be fixed in the immovable position. It is also worth remembering that if a person has a gunshot wound, it can cause a pain shock. In this case, you need to give anti-shock drugs. If there are no such at hand, do not panic. After a while, consciousness to the wounded man will return. Beating on the cheeks, bringing a person to life, it is not necessary.

Head wounding

Most probably, dangerous, is a gunshot wound to the head. After all, the percentage of survival in such cases is not too high - about 16%. But to render assistance with such a wound also requires the victim. Here it is necessary to say that when a person is wounded, a person will have a lot of blood, since this is where multiple vessels are located. The loss of consciousness by a person does not mean his death, this is worth remembering. The order of steps when injuring the head:

1. The wound should be covered with a sterile napkin. If it bleeds profusely, you can try to stop the bleeding with a cotton swab.
2. It is best that the human body is horizontal.
3. Transport the wounded yourself is not worth it, it is better to wait for the arrival of an ambulance.
4. If a person's heart stops, you need to do artificial respiration and heart massage.

Neck and spine

It's easy to understand what gunshot wounds look like, photos in this case are the first helpers. So, in case of injury to the neck or spine, one must remember that a person can not be categorically transported. The only thing is to put it on a hard surface. If the neck bleeds, you need to very quickly try to stop the blood. After all, if the carotid artery is broken , you can die from blood loss after 15 seconds. So, you need to put a bandage around your neck. If it does not help, the artery should be tightened with a finger and be in this position before the ambulance arrives.

Wound in chest, abdomen

Separately, you also need to consider a gunshot wound in the abdomen and chest. So, at the very beginning, it should be said that the human body is divided into three main zones: the pleural, the abdominal and the pelvic organs. If a person's injury is internal, blood begins to accumulate in these areas. It is impossible to stop bleeding in this case. Complications of internal injuries:

1. Pneumothorax. This is the ingress of air into the pleural cavity through the place of the gunshot.
2. Hemotorax. This is the ingress of blood into the pleural cavity.
3. Pneumohyhemorax. This is getting into the pleural cavity of air and blood together.

Try to prevent it is possible only to hit the air. So, for this, the wound should be covered with dense material or covered with a hand.

Removing the Bullet

As has already been said above, gunshot wounds are very dangerous for a person's life (photos of the wounded are the first to confirm this). However, in some cases, if there is absolutely no possibility to get qualified medical care, you can try to extract the bullet yourself. But you need to do this very carefully and only if the arrival of doctors for certain reasons is impossible. Algorithm of actions:

1. First, the one who will conduct all the activities is prepared. Hand must be treated with an antiseptic.
2. An antiseptic treats the skin around the wound.
3. If possible, give an anesthetic to the wounded. It can be a drug "Spazmalgon" or an ampoule of "Novocaine". If this is not the case, a person should be given a solid object in the teeth.
4. Using a knife, you need to slightly increase the size of the bullet hole. Next, treat everything again with an antiseptic.
5. With the help of the processed tweezers you need to try to get a bullet. One should try not to touch the large blood arteries, since a person can die because of hemorrhagic shock, that is, loss of blood.
6. The wound should be treated again after the operation, and a bandage applied.

Expertise

If a person is injured, it is necessary to call not only "first aid" (although it is in the first place), but also police officers. So, forensic examination of gunshot wounds will also be mandatory. It is designed to answer the following questions:

1. The nature of the wound.
2. The direction of the wound channel, shot.
3. The distance that was between the perpetrator and the victim.
4. Type of weapon used.
5. The number of bullet wounds.
6. The sequence of applying bullet wounds (in the event that it was not one).
7. Whose hand was damaged: by the hand or hand of another person.

It should be said that the forensic medical examination of gunshot wounds gives the investigation multiple important answers to questions, thanks to which it can move forward several steps.

Arrival of doctors

Very important is the medical care for gunshot wounds. So, only specialists can provide that help to a person who can save his life. However, the importance of pre-hospital care should not be underestimated . It can also save the life of the victim.