Why the child does not speak in 3 years: the reasons and methods of speech development

The first words of the child become unforgettable moments in the life of the family! In addition, the formation of speech is evidence of normal emotional and physical development of the child. But more often in our society cases are recorded when children do not acquire communication skills right up to school age. Why does this happen? What should I do if the child does not talk at 3 years of age? We will answer these and other questions concerning the delay of speech development.

The mechanism of the formation of speech

Often parents ask themselves, at what age do babies start talking? The process of the formation of speech begins literally from birth and ends about 4 years, when the preschooler is already able to pronounce all the sounds of his native language, and also make up words and build coherent sentences. Later, there is an improvement in the available communication skills and the expansion of vocabulary.

In the specialized literature, the following stages of speech formation are distinguished:

1. Preparatory (from birth to the year). The crying, which the child draws attention to and reports about his needs, as well as walking and babbling, are aimed at training the articulatory apparatus and are characteristic for half-year-old crumbs of speech. At the age of 10-12 months, most babies please their loved ones with the first short, but already meaningful words.
2. The pre-school stage (from one to three years) is characterized by active assimilation of the articulation of sounds, the repetition of words for adults. During this period, the words of the kids are still illegible, jerky. Nevertheless, the crumb of two or three years is already able to convey to the adult their requests and express their emotions.
3. Pre-school (from three to seven years) stage. Up to four years, the majority of children completely formed sound. At this age, the kids already know how to compile connected small stories, actively communicate with other children and adults. By the age of five, the vocabulary of children ranges from 4,000 to 6,000 words. If a child does not speak for 3-5 years, it is necessary to pay attention to this and consult with specialists.
4. The school stage is characterized by the improvement of speech, the deepening of grammatical and morphological knowledge.

The reasons for the delay in the development of speech

Why does the child not speak at 3 years and later? The reasons for this state can be divided into the following groups:

• Physiological (hearing impairment, congenital abnormalities of the articulatory apparatus, CNS diseases);
• Psychological;
• Lack of education (pedagogical).

So, if a child at 3 years is not talking well, first of all, you should conduct a survey of the baby for the presence of various diseases. To determine the causes of ZRP, there are various tests and diagnostic techniques that are used, based on the patient's age and history.

Does the child not talk at 3 years old? The reasons can be psychological. Unfavorable situation in the family, frequent quarrels, incorrect communication of adults with the child, physical punishment can lead to the fact that the baby "closes" in his own cozy world. In this case, the need for communication with others in crumbs will decrease or even disappear.

Incorrect education can also lead to the fact that the child simply will not need to communicate. Carrying out all the desires of the baby at the first call, without giving crumbs a chance to independently learn the world and express their own opinion, parents who are not too careful give their child a disservice. Children who are under the excessive care of adults, do not see the need for communication - because they are so well understood. At the same time, the older the child, the more difficult it is to solve the problem that has been formed.

What is PIR?

If a child does not speak at 3 years, specialists can put a disappointing diagnosis - ZRR (delayed speech development). It is impossible to independently determine such a problem, since a multicomponent survey is required for this. So, experts will perform tests and tests to determine physical disorders, estimate the volume of the dictionary, pronunciation, reactions to external stimuli, determine the psychological state of the crumbs. If any serious deviations are detected, the diagnosis of ZRD doctors can put even a one-year-old baby.

If during the examination the mental deviations in the development of the child were confirmed, the specialists inform the parents about the delay in the psycho-speech development (PPR).

When should I sound an alarm?

Many parents, if their child does not talk at the age of 3, explain this by saying that the next of kin's relatives also later pronounced their first words and "nothing, somehow grew." Unfortunately, this fact only indicates that the baby has a genetic predisposition to ZRD. It should be remembered that the sooner the correction for speech development begins, the higher the probability of the success of such activity.

Therefore, early detection of symptoms and timely access to specialists can directly affect the later life of the baby. If a child under 4 years of age does not speak, the following factors may be the reasons for contacting a doctor:

• Trauma of the kid (including the birth);
• Detection of symptoms of CNS disorders, genetic diseases;
• The lack of reactions to sounds in the infant, the semitone baby - word-talk, the older children - words and coherent speech.

To what doctors to address?

Parents complain: "The child is 3 years old - does not talk." What to do in this situation? First of all, it is necessary to determine the cause of the condition. To do this, you need to contact the following specialists:

• Pediatrician - he will conduct a general examination, determine the deviations in development according to age;
• The otolaryngologist will check the baby's hearing;
• The defectologist will evaluate the development of the speech apparatus ;
• Speech therapist will determine the degree of formation of sound;
• The neurologist will be able to detect CNS disorders;
• A child psychologist will help to determine the presence of fears, isolation and other disorders and internal problems.

Basic methods of correction

To date, in our country, the delay in speech development is treated by the following methods:

• Medical;
• Pedagogical;
• Correctional.

Medical methods

When setting the diagnosis of ZRP, medication is often prescribed. The drugs are used to activate the "speech zone" of the cerebral hemispheres, in particular, "Cortexin", "Neuromultivitis" and others. When a mental illness is discovered, medications that correct this condition are prescribed.

Also, for the initiation of "speech centers", a neurologist can prescribe methods of physiotherapy, such as magnetotherapy or electroreflexotherapy.

Pedagogical methods

Parents have a question about how to teach a child to talk in 3 years? You can use pedagogical methods of correction. First of all, attention should be paid to the exercises for the development of fine motor skills. Since the research has proven the relationship between the movements of the fingers and the activation of the brain regions that are responsible for speech. In the correctional preschool teacher many interesting games are used, aimed at the development of small movements, for example, such as:

• Gymnastics for the fingers;
• massage;
• In-line games and sorter;
• Classes with sand, water, cereals, various materials to touch;
• Fingered theater;
• Molding of plasticine, clay, salted dough;
• shadow play.

In addition to the exercises for the development of fine motor skills, pedagogical methods include the following:

• Theatrical games;
• A dramatization of fairy tales (for older preschoolers);
• Learning rhymes, works of folklore;
• Compilation of stories on plot pictures and others.

Parents complain: "The child is 3 years old, does not speak well, what should I do in such a situation?" In this case, pedagogical methods are the most effective for solving such a problem. But here, if the baby pronounces words illegibly, then professional help from a speech therapist or defectologist will be required.

Correction methods

To this group of methods of speech development are logopedic and corrective exercises. These are specially designed measures aimed at eliminating the identified defect. Such exercises are conducted by qualified speech therapists or defectologists. These specialists apply different methods of speech correction depending on the age, diagnosis and degree of ZRR, in particular, such as:

• Articulatory gymnastics ;
• The production of sounds with the help of "scapula";
• Speech therapy massage ;
• Methods of sound and word-imitation;
• Logorhythmics and others.

The role of the family in developing the speech of the baby

Despite the diversity of professional methods, the main role in the development of the child's speech is played by the atmosphere in the family. Daily communication of close adults with crumbs will certainly significantly improve the effectiveness of specialized correction tools. Here are some simple recommendations for parents:

1. Even before the birth of crumbs, communicate with him, sing to him songs, share positive emotions.
2. Learn to treat attentively the attempts of a one-year-old to express your thoughts in words, support him in this.
3. If the child does not speak at 3 years - tell him more, describe everything that you see, do, feel.
4. Provoke the child to communicate in any situation.
5. Set such family traditions as reading a fairy tale before going to bed, learning jokes during washing, holding morning exercises in verse.
6. Offer the kid games for the development of fine motor skills.
7. Do not limit the contact of the baby with other children.

If the child does not speak at 3, it is not a sentence, but an occasion to reflect on the reasons for this state. With the timely organization of correctional work, as well as the favorable impact of the family, the child can quite catch up with his peers in terms of speech development, become an active communicative participant in the society.