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Where in Moscow are monuments to Gogol installed? Monument to Gogol on Gogol Boulevard: History

In Russia it has always been fashionable and prestigious to fight with all kinds of idols. Prince Vladimir, instituting Christianity, drowned a lot of Peruns in the Dnieper, and now his Ukrainian descendants everywhere bring down defenseless Vladimir Ilyich.

"With the Bab-yags, a useless struggle"

In the Russian Federation, they were suddenly worried about the Gogol monument. The monument to the times of Soviet power in the former Prechistensky (now Gogol) boulevard in March 2014 was decided to dismantle, and in its place to return the old, the work of N. Andreev, who was erected there from the very beginning, back in 1909.

On this issue there is no unity of opinion in the society. One part of the citizens believes that it is better to leave everything as it is, the other is eager to "restore historical justice", not wishing to reckon with considerations of expediency, or with the realities of the surrounding life (still there are more important problems in Russia at the moment). Someone, perhaps, would not mind, but he was stopped by purely economic motives: experts say that it's not cheap to enjoy running around with similar facilities back and forth.

Following Pushkin

The same monument to Gogol in Moscow, which is now going to be returned to the site, the progressive public decided to build it back in August 1880. This year the monument to Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was opened on Tverskoi Boulevard. The audience burst into tears of delight and emotion, and immediately there were enthusiasts who wanted to pay tribute to Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. The monument was planned to be opened by the fiftieth anniversary of the death - in 1902, but did not have time. Despite the fact that the subscription for fund raising was announced almost immediately, the case was quiet for a long time.

Accusations of greed and slowness, sounding from the lips of some figures (M. Kuraev, in particular), are hardly deserved: the monument to Alexander Sergeyevich was collected more quickly (the well-known figure of the classic appeared twenty years after the subscription began), but for Nikolai Vasilyevich Then to stint.

Do not have time for the anniversary, try to anniversary

The famous Russian industrialist Demidov promised copper "how much is required" and even gave five thousand rubles. There were other philanthropists. By 1890, ripe for the establishment of an ad hoc committee for the erection of the monument, but he was not particularly in a hurry, until in 1893 the emperor himself ordered him to "accelerate."

It did not work so right away, but the members of the venerable assembly finally held a series of meetings and determined the person to whom they had to "apply for the construction of the monument." It is interesting that his name was A. N. Nos. Just a hoax some.

Somehow, with a scratch, held a competition for a better job, but none of the sketches presented impressed the commission. It became clear that we must move: 1909 was inexorably approaching - a hundred years since the birth was performed by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. The monument, not ripe for the anniversary of death, would be very handy.

Doubtful sculptor, questionable project

It is still unknown what kind of backstage negotiations preceded the approval of N. Andreev's project, but they voted unanimously (according to the conditions voiced by the committee, a single vote against vetoed the sketch). Perhaps the decision really was forced: there was almost no time left. So, with grief in half, began construction work, widely covered by the press and causing lively discussion among Muscovites.

To begin with, the author's personality raised questions. Outstanding art representatives of those times Opekushin and Repin highly valued the talent of the young sculptor. However, the public doubted: there is little experience in erecting monuments.

Shortly before the opening of the famous critic Sergei Yablonovsky called the monument a symbol of "terrible and nightmarish" and expressed the opinion that "many will not want it." As in the water looked!

A promising opening of the monument

Opening the monument to Gogol in Moscow was planned with great pomp, although here it was not without the usual (we have to admit) bungling: the specially erected tribunes turned out to be flimsy, they were banned from using sin. Therefore, in the photos from the opening, you can see an impressive crush at the foot of the newly opened monument, and next to empty "visual rows". The beginning did not bode well ...

The emotions caused by the monument immediately split sharply. Many decided (Repin, for example) that before them - a significant work of art, but a fairly large audience found the monument is a real spit in eternity.

The bent Gogol

The sculpture depicted a man completely wrapped in a cloak, with his head lowered. Bent, ludicrously fallen to one side, Gogol was sitting in an armchair and was an incarnate world sorrow, and his famous long nose almost touched his knees. The four-edged pedestal was framed by a copper strip - the bas-relief on it depicted the heroes of the famous works of the writer. They did not call criticism. But the very figure of the classic!

The epigrams of the sample were poured: "Andreev made Gogol from" Nose "and" Overcoat ""; "Gogol, hunched over, sits, Pushkin stands gogol."

The wife of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, who visited the opening , Sofya Andreevna, found the monument "disgusting" (she wrote it in her personal diary). Quite amusing that her great spouse, the great classic of world literature, liked the monument.

The whole world of violence we destroy ...

In this very range, there were numerous reviews. Nevertheless, nobody was going to change the sedentary monument to Gogol, and he would have stood at the beginning of Gogol Boulevard, it is quite possible, to this day, if in the seventeenth year of the last century the "young, unfamiliar tribe" did not come to power and decided not to decide the fate of the country (And monuments) in a new way.

The monument to Gogol on Gogol Boulevard lasted for thirty-five years after the revolution, and all this time he was attacked, becoming more and more evil day by day. The reason was: according to some sources, the bent figure of the literary classics was acting on the nerves of Joseph Vissarionovich himself, forced to regularly sympathize with the skewed Gogol: the monument was accurately on the way to the dacha in Kuntsevo, where the all-powerful Soviet General Secretary settled.

War with the copper writer

Thousands of sycophants, wishing to spend the beloved leader, did not skimp on "kicks" to the creation of N. Andreev. The well-known Soviet sculptor Vera Mukhina (author of the famous "Worker and Collective Farm Girl") accused the monument of the discrepancy of the surrounding reality. Say, once there was a reason for Gogol to be sad - from the horrors of tsarism and other arbitrariness, but now what should I mourn, when the country began to live "better and more fun"?

Initially, to dismantle a sedentary monument to Gogol in Moscow did not plan - it was supposed to just build another one, on the other end of the square. Who struck his fist on the table is unknown, but in 1952, on the 100th anniversary of the writer's death, a new monument was opened in Moscow, strikingly different from the previous one.

All the same, by the anniversary!

The story with the approval of the project was again a dark one: the winner of the contest was the sculptor Tomsky, who had been praised by the authorities (the owner of five Stalin prizes!) , Who later admitted that the monument to Gogol on Gogol Boulevard of his authorship was frankly bad. Justified himself in a hurry: they say, he did not have time to do it more qualitatively, since it was necessary to meet the deadlines - to the hundredth anniversary of the writer's death.

After the presentation of the results of the annual work, something like a scandal broke out again. Seeing the newly appeared monument to N. Gogol, the public was struck (and shocked). Now the author of the magnificent monument with the monstrous smug inscription "From the Soviet Government" (over which they have been laughing for more than half a century) has hit the other extreme: a cheerful "dancing teacher" replaced a sick, dejected classics, smiling, in a short, frivolous pelerine. Some considered the "masterpiece" to be a caricature, and folk poetry once again flashed a few epigrams.

A statue can also be unhappy

Andreev's monument was dismantled in 1951, in order to build a new, standing monument to Gogol on the vacated site (which would embody the victory of art over the dark reality).

At first "not in the topic of sad" copper Nikolai Vasilyevich even wanted to be executed (sent to the remelting), but the staff of the Moscow Architectural Museum somehow miraculously saved the work of art. In the end, it did not last long. Until 1959, the dismantled monument was kept in the museum's branch located in the former Donskoy monastery: many sculptures disliked by the Soviet system found shelter there: marble figures from the facades of destroyed Moscow churches, for example.

In 1959, the "sad" writer was returned to Moscow and installed near the house in which he lived the last years of his life (the mansion belonged to Count A. Tolstoy). Townspeople say that from certain points on Nikitsky Boulevard you can see a sedentary and standing monument to Gogol at the same time. Now, when Tomsky's work has become used to, in the construction of 1952, they see dignity, recognizing, for example, that it fits better with the modern appearance of the square.

Despite the fact that many people do not like the idea of destroying the monuments of the Soviet era, now the "cheerful" Nikolai Vasilyevich is in danger. At the same time, experts argue that the attempt to return the historical monument to its former place is fraught with unforeseen complications: the construction is quite old, it can be damaged during transportation - it is better to leave it as it is. Still, it is impossible to argue with the fact that the two monuments to Gogol - better than none.

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