What is bibliography in general and bibliography in particular, its history in Russia

Bibliography in the literal sense - this is bibliology. The bibliography in general is a scientific discipline dealing with the description, systematization and maintenance of books, as well as journalistic publications, articles, dissertations, etc.

What is a bibliography in a narrow sense?

This is a list of the literature involved in this or that text. For example, when writing an essay, sources are indicated - from where the information was taken. Also the bibliography is used for writing dissertations and other scientific works. The author of the work is obliged to indicate which sources he relied on.

What are the types of bibliography

There are bibliographies of writers. They include a list of all the texts written by an individual author, as well as all biographical and other works written about this writer or about his works by other authors. A huge list is, for example, the bibliography of Alexander Pushkin or Tolstoy L.N.

Also there is a bibliography of the second degree. That is a bibliography of all bibliographic texts. It records in chronological order all the bibliographies, divided by subject.

A separate science is the industry bibliography. It serves certain industries or theoretical sciences.

Retrospective bibliography (department of science) covers all printed works of fiction and journalism for a certain period of time. It can be either a year or a week.

There are also many other types of bibliography. For example, the Russian historical, taking into account and systematizing all the texts on history, issued in Russian. It can be attributed to the industry bibliography. There is a bibliography of the book, that is, a checklist of literary texts relating to a single book. Such lists can be seen, for example, at the end of educational or scientific publications.

From all these definitions it is clear what a bibliography is. In a broad sense - it is always a list of literature on some topic. This kind of science or bibliology has its own history. If you understand what a bibliography is, it becomes clear what its history is. This is how science has evolved and evolved in different countries.

A Brief History of Bibliography in Russia

In Russia, from the 18th century, a bibliography began to develop. It all began with the release of bookselling and recommendatory lists of books or journalism in magazines. In the 18th century, literature was very active in Russia. Russian writers and journalists overtook and overtaken the developed West in culture. The concept of what a bibliography is, of course, also came from abroad.

The first in this kind were the journals Bibliographic Notes and Bibliographer. They published reviews of books, lists of various manuscripts stored in libraries, catalogs of recently published books, and lists of periodicals.

In 1889, the first bibliographic circle appeared in Moscow. Its initiator was Toropov. In 1900, it was transformed into the Russian Bibliographic Society, which is part of the Moscow University. In it have organized the magazines. Edited by Bodnarsky published "Bibliographic News" and "Book Science".

In 1907 and 1908, the Society issued a "Bibliographic Collection", to which an alphabetical index was attached to facilitate the search for the necessary information. The collection published objective reviews of books and indexes of published publications.

Bibliography of Russia in the 19th and 20th centuries

During these two centuries the Russian bibliography blossomed and expanded. Scientists are more closely engaged in this science. They began to rely more on facts than on opinions. And in our century bibliographic lists of the 19-20th centuries are very helpful to bibliographers and philologists.

In the 20th century, all the accumulated knowledge was summarized in the bibliography. Book teaching and source study of bibliography began to be taught in universities. Bibliographers raised old archives and restored the works of long-forgotten writers, as well as those who were repressed and deliberately forgotten during the reign of Stalin. A large layer of Russian literature and journalism was raised and restored. However, the history of the Soviet bibliography is still not fully understood, new sources and archives are still being discovered. Bibliographers will have a lot of hard work.