What is a volcanic eruption? What comes out of the volcano during the eruption?

Natural disasters can be different, but one of the most dangerous is rightfully recognized as the volcanic eruption. Every day on the planet there are up to ten such emissions, many of which people do not even notice.

What is a volcano?

A volcano is a geological formation located on the surface of the earth's crust. At the crater sites, magma emerges outward and forms lava, followed by gases and rock fragments.

The stone giant received its name from the ancient Roman fire god, who bore the majestic name of Vulcan.

Classification

Such mountains can be classified on several grounds. So, for example, in form these formations are divided into the following types:

1. Shielded.
2. Stratovolcanoes.
3. Slag.
4. Cone-shaped.
5. The dome.

In addition, volcanoes can be identified depending on their location:

1. Ground.
2. Underwater.
3. Subglacial.

In addition, among the inhabitants there is another, simple classification, which depends on the degree of activity of volcanoes:

1. Active. This education is characterized by the fact that it erupted relatively recently.
2. The sleeping volcano. This definition means a mountain that is currently inactive, but in the future, an eruption can occur.
3. An extinct volcano is a tectonic formation that no longer has the ability to gush forth.

Why do volcanoes erupt?

Before you deal with the products that come out of the volcano during the eruption, you need to know what this terrible phenomenon is and what its causes are.

The eruption means the exit to the surface of lava flows, which is accompanied by the release of gases and ash. Volcanoes erupt because of the large amount of substances accumulated in the magma.

What comes out of the volcano during the eruption?

Magma is constantly under very high pressure, so the gases always remain dissolved in it as a liquid. The molten rock, which the impact of volatile substances gradually pushes to the surface, passes through the cracks and enters the hard layers of the mantle. Here the magma swiftly exits.

It would seem that there should no longer be questions about what appears when an eruption of a volcano, because magma turns into lava and pours to the surface. However, in fact, during the eruption, in addition to these components, many different substances can manifest themselves to the world.

Lava

Lava - this is the most famous product, allocated in the course of active volcanic activity. It is on her most often point people, answering the question: "What comes out of the volcano during the eruption?". Photos of this red-hot substance can be seen in the article.

Lava masses are compounds of silicon, aluminum and other metals. There is also an interesting fact related to it: it is known that this is the only terrestrial product in which you can find all the elements that are in the periodic table.

Lava is an incandescent magma that flows out of the crater of a volcano and is directed down its slopes. During the ascent, the composition of the underground guest is constantly changing due to atmospheric factors. In addition, a large number of gases, which together with the magma rise to the surface, make it bubble.

The average temperature of the lava is 1000 degrees, so it easily destroys all the obstacles that arise in its path.

Wreckage

It is equally interesting to consider what comes out of the eruption of a volcano, except lava. In the midst of the process, huge debris is thrown to the surface of the earth, which scientists called Tephra.

Of the total mass, the largest fragments, which have received the nickname "volcanic bombs", are singled out. These fragments are liquid products, which during the ejection solidify in the air. The size of these stones can vary: the smallest of them are like peas, and the largest ones are larger than the size of a walnut.

Ash

Also, when answering the question "What comes out of the volcano?", One should not forget about the ashes. It often leads to catastrophic consequences, since it stands out even with a slight eruption, which can not harm people.

Small particles of ash spread through the air at a tremendous speed - up to 100 kilometers per hour. Naturally, a significant amount of this substance can get into the person's throat during breathing, so when erupting, you should cover your face with a handkerchief or a special respirator. The peculiarity of ash is that it is able to cross huge distances even bypassing water and elevations. These small particles are so hot that they constantly glow in the dark.

Gases

Do not forget that the volcano comes out of the eruption, among other things, a large number of gases. The composition of this volatile mixture includes hydrogen, sulfur and carbon. Minor quantities contain boron, bromic acid, mercury, metals.

All the gases that stand out from the volcano's vent during the eruption are white. And if tephra is mixed with gases, then the clubs get a black shade. Often, it is through black smoke coming from a volcanic crater that people determine that a release will soon occur and need to be evacuated.

In addition, you need to know what comes out of the volcano during the eruption, in addition to the above substances. This is a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide. So, for example, on some islands the volcanic spirit extends for hundreds of kilometers.

A noteworthy fact: a small amount of gas continues to emerge from the vale of the volcano for several years from the day of the eruption. At the same time, such emissions are very toxic, and when they get into the water with rain, they poison it and make it unsuitable for drinking.