What is a state company: features, advantages. The largest state-owned companies in Russia: list, rating

The economy of any state is based on the development of various enterprises, which at the expense of their tax deductions to the treasury of the country form a positive balance in the end. The availability of money in the country, in turn, is a guarantee of a successful life of the population, guarantee of security, integrity of the country, its stable development. One of the main sources of income at all times in developed countries were state-owned companies, a list of which we will consider in detail with you in this article. These enterprises play a significant role in the national economy, and sometimes even occupy a leading position in their niche.

Definition of a state company

These financial organizations can be quite different in their capabilities, but in general they have some similarities. So, the state company is an organization that can have any organizational and legal form. At the same time, its main assets are owned either directly by the state or by the municipality. Leaders are appointed to their posts ( contracted by the state) . It is worth noting and this fact: the state company is always guided not only by the search for sources of the greatest income, but also strives to meet the needs of society as much as possible, because the very name of the organization described indicates that the state is the main element acting both in the role of the creator and the consumer.

Main provisions

Any state company:

• It is required to have a seal, to which the State Emblem of the Russian Federation will be depicted . Also, the full name of the organization should be engraved on the seal.
• Has open personal accounts in the Federal Treasury and the right to open settlement accounts with banking institutions or other credit institutions for various financial transactions.
• Does not have any restrictions on the duration of its activities.
• It is obliged to publish detailed reports on its activities provided for by law.
• It has the right to function in order to generate income from its activities, for which it was created. After payment of all fees and taxes provided by the current legislation, the company can use the remaining material means to achieve the goals stipulated by the Federal Law.
• It is not obliged to answer for the obligations taken by the Russian Federation. In turn, the Russian Federation is not responsible for the company's obligations.

Rights

A state company can, on the basis of legislation,:

• Open their additional representative offices and create various branches.
• Be a member of associations and other associations of organizations.
• Enter into legal contracts.
• Have your own symbolism (pendants, flags, emblems, other symbols) and regulate the order of its placement and use on its facilities and vehicles.

Main advantages for the employee

Often, a state-owned company, the advantages of which will be listed below, is not able to offer a high salary for its staff unit (the exception can only be made by senior executives). At the same time, work on such an organization will occur unambiguously in strict accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In turn, for an average person this will mean that:

• He is guaranteed to receive a record in his work book. Also, an employment contract will be made with him.
• From the salary, all required taxes and compulsory deductions to the state budget will be kept on a regular basis, which means that there will be no claims from the tax inspectorate.
• He will be entitled to compulsory paid annual leave, parental leave, sick leave.
• He will not be dismissed without observing all the norms and requirements prescribed by law (they will be warned in advance, severance pay will be paid, etc.).
• The working day will be normalized, payment for processing and work on the days off will be provided in accordance with the legislation.

Also important is the fact that for job seekers a state company puts forward less strict age requirements than any private structure. This is especially true for people over forty, who by modern standards are at risk in terms of employment.

Western trends

In many capitalist countries of the western part of our planet, there has been a characteristic stable characteristic for a long time, which consists in the following: young people initially build their careers and provide themselves with a good material base for future in private firms and enterprises. After that, at the age of approximately 40-45 years, they change jobs and move to state-owned companies, whose characteristics, in turn, allow a person to relax somewhat, because in such organizations there is less energy for the employee, as well as good pension and social security, which has a favorable effect on Quality and life expectancy. In addition, state companies rarely display ads on their vacancies in the vastness of the Internet and most often cooperate most closely with various labor exchanges and municipal services.

Rules for creating

The creation of a state company is regulated by law. At the same time, it is necessary to form a board of directors (supervisory board) of the company (both of which are the supreme governing body).

This organization's managing body can solve the following issues:

• Approve the program of the company for a long period of time. This document should provide for the implementation of production, financial, investment indicators, if this is established by federal law.
• To approve the principle of remuneration of employees, which should provide for the dependence of wages on the level of achievement of the basic indicators of effective performance.
• Determine the procedure for using the company's profits.
• Take decisions on the transfer of part of the tangible assets of the organization to the state treasury of the Russian Federation.

Also, the supreme body has the right to form special committees and commissions to resolve various issues. The order of activity of the created structures and their personal and quantitative composition are determined by a separate resolution of the supervisory board.

State-owned companies in the country's economy

State-owned companies of Russia occupy the leading positions in many spheres of the national economy of the Federation. However, there are industries where the presence of state organizations is very small (for example, the coal industry, light and food industries).

Only 9% belongs to state structures in the production of alcoholic beverages. This became possible only thanks to Tatspirtprom and Bashspirt.

The same fairly low figure - 9% - is typical for state-owned companies and in construction.

The degree of penetration of state influence into the pulp and paper industry is about 12%. The revenues to the treasury are deducted only by one state enterprise - FSUE Gosznak. The main assets in this area have been owned by private enterprises and firms for many years.

The telecommunications sector is subject to state influence by only 14%. The main state organization here is Rostelecom. On April 1, 2011, eight regional companies of Svyazinvest and a number of FSUEs were joined to it.

State participation in the production of motor vehicles, semi-trailers and trailers is 17%, and in the creation of equipment and mechanisms - 15%.

Extremely weak positions of state influence in the extraction of ores of various metals and metallurgy. Here, state-owned companies have only 3% in the non-ferrous metallurgy sector. At the same time, private individuals are fully owned by ferrous metallurgy.

Oil production. The country controls 23% of the industry. State control is due to the assets of Rosneft and Gazpromneft.

Electric power engineering belongs to state structures by 35%. The major share is in the Moscow region (Mosenergo, MOESK) and federal structures.

Given that the state owns more than half of Gazprom's shares, the country controls 48% of the gas industry.

57% - it is so much owned by state-owned companies in the production of various ships, space and aircraft. The positions of the state are very strong in the Ufa Engine Building Production Association, the Kazan Helicopter Plant, the aviation plant of Ulan-Ude, the United Shipbuilding Company.

The strongest influence of large state-owned companies in the transport industry - 73%. Here, railroads, oil and gas pipelines come to the forefront. Railway transport is managed by the Russian Railways OJSC, which is wholly owned by the state. The oil pipelines are controlled by Transneft, and the gas pipelines are controlled by Gazprom.

Road monopolist

The state company "Russian Highways" is established and operates exclusively to perform the functions of the customer in the design, construction, reconstruction, capital repair and maintenance of highways. The company also organizes road traffic (including traffic flow management), provides the necessary level of services (speed, comfort, security), collects fare for toll roads, monitors road safety, assesses transport performance of roads . In addition, the state structure provides consulting, engineering and other services in its established field of activity. Its duties include printing activities aimed at creating an atlas of the roads of the Russian Federation. The company also creates, introduces and applies innovative mechanisms for regulating transport flows, keeps track of accident rates on the routes. Along with this, the organization has the right to present to its state awards its employees who carry out their activities in the sphere of road facilities.

It was decided to create a state company on July 17, 2009. The basis of her work is the Federal Law signed by Dmitry Medved.

In 2014, the state company "Russian Highways" reached an agreement with the Russian Direct Investment Fund on the joint attraction of investors to various projects in the field of transport infrastructure. The given contract has allowed to increase volumes of construction of new highways in the country under the control of the state. The contract allowed attracting from leading foreign investors at least 25% of project financing.

June 24, 2016 in Beijing, the negotiations of the Intergovernmental Russian-Chinese Commission for Investment Cooperation, which was attended by the chairman of Avtodor, Sergei Kelbakh. The result of the meeting was the approval of the list of priority projects for the development of the automotive infrastructure. Thus, in particular, special attention was paid to the construction of the route "Europe - Western China". The project is part of a high-speed road network. In this global construction, the Russian state company is the executor, who will have to build about 2.3 thousand kilometers of roads. The project includes two stages. The first is 567 kilometers of the M-11 expressway (Moscow-Saint Petersburg). The second stage is from the Central Ring Road to the border with the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The Giants of Russian Spaces

The largest state companies in Russia, of course, are those organizations that largely determine the economic situation of the whole country. Therefore it will be quite appropriate to consider the list of these titans. Among them are:

• "Rostechnologies".
• "Rosatom".
• RusHydro.
• Federal Grid Company of the Unified Energy System.
• Rosneft.
• "Gazprom".
• Transneft.
• RAO "Energy Systems of the East".
• Aeroflot.
• United Aircraft Corporation.
• "Russian Railways".
• "Almaz-Antey".
• United Shipbuilding Corporation.
• Tactical Missile Armament Corporation.
• "AvtoVAZ".
• Military-industrial corporation "Scientific and Production Association of Mechanical Engineering".
• The SP Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia.
• Joint-stock company "Alrosa".
• "Vega".
• Concern "Marine underwater weapons - Gidropribor".
• The center of technology of shipbuilding and ship repair.
• Roskhimzashchita.
• "Scientific-Production Corporation" Uralvagonzavod "named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky."
• Concern "Oceanpribor".
• "Information Satellite Systems" named after Academician MF Reshetnev.
• United Industrial Corporation Oboronprom.
• "Microgen".
• FSUE "Space communication".
• FSUE Russian Post.
• FSUE Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network.
• Irkutsk Power and Electrification JSC.
• System operator of the Unified Energy System.
• Sheremetyevo International Airport.
• Koltsovo Airport.

All these largest state-owned companies in Russia are under the control of federal executive bodies and the commission on high technologies and innovations. This is done to develop and implement innovative development programs.

The greatest state involvement

The conditional rating of state-owned companies, which account for the largest share of state influence, will have the following appearance:

1. United Aircraft Corporation (UAC). The state company is part of the engineering sector. The state owns 93.4% of the shares. The corporation was born in 2006. Initially, all 100% of the shares were owned by state structures, but in 2009 a portion of the shares was sold to private individuals.
2. "Alrosa" is the largest diamond producer in the country. The state owns 90.9% of the shares.
3. "Tattelecom." The government does not own the company directly, but thanks to the holding Svyazinvestneftekhim. At the same time, 87.2% of the shares are in the state administration.
4. Rosneft is under the scrutiny of the government. The state holds 82% of shares.
5. The energy company "UES" is for the most part in charge of the Federal Property Management Agency (79.55%).
6. Transneft. 78.11% of the existing authorized capital is state property.
7. Bank "VTB". "Rosimushchestvo" bought out 75.5% of the shares.
8. "Kubanenergo" The power company that was responsible for providing electricity to Sochi's Olympic facilities belongs to the state by 70%.
9. RusHydro. The share of the Federal Property Management Agency in the company is 60.5%.
10. Inter RAO. The country owns almost 60% of the shares.
11. Aeroflot is a full member of the SkyTeam aviation alliance, 51.17% of which is owned by the state.

In conclusion, we note: we hope that this article still helped you to understand which companies are state-owned to date, what are their main positive qualities and what is the share of participation in the development of Russia.