Arts & EntertainmentArt

What is a museum? Short excursion

The museum! How much sense in this word! And the amount of rarities contained there is amazing, as well as their cost. Some exhibits have no price at all, because they are preserved in a single copy for all of humanity! What is a museum? From a scientific point of view, this is a socio-cultural institution, where they collect, study, store all kinds of monuments of art, science and technology, as well as history and other spheres of human activity. As a rule, many museums are also engaged in enlightenment, exposing their precious exhibits for public viewing.

Where did the museums come from?

Everything started once with private collections (they still exist). What is a museum? In the ancient period, the subject of "collecting" were mostly works of art. In the Middle Ages, icons, church accoutrements, relics of saints were collected. And the first scientific museums appear in Europe (the Renaissance). They are dominated by minerals, tools for research, subjects of ethnography. The first public museum in Russia is, of course, the Kunstkamera! As a basis of her collection, the collection of Peter the Great was taken: weapons, engravings, paintings, sculptures of various peoples, as well as instruments, machines, tools that the ruler was so interested in.

Classification and functions

By and large, all the world's museums are divided according to the profile of human activities displayed in the exposition. So, there are historical, art history, technical, literary, scientific, research institutions. There are also mixed types of museums, and such are very common. For example, scientific-educational or historical-literary. There are museums that are attached to a specific locality or to a specific person. For example, the Aivazovsky Museum in the Crimea. All these institutions have certain functions related to education and upbringing, the formation of aesthetic perception of the surrounding world, the reflection of events that occurred in society in its time. And also - with the organization of leisure, for example, schoolchildren or students. The level of development of the "museum business" directly speaks of the cultural development of the country and the people living there. Because how people treat their past - protects and honors it or betrays it - has always been a defining moment for the future of nations and countries.

Collecting and storage institution

What is a museum? Definition will give any dictionary or encyclopedia. In Greek it is "the house of the Muses", that is, the room where the Muses live. In the beginning, this concept denoted the very collection of art objects. Later - and the place (building) where the exhibits are located. With the development of the Internet there are also virtual museums that exist only in electronic form. And also excellent panoramas and excursions recorded on the discs. What, too, you see, very convenient. After all, this record can be viewed without leaving home and never leaving! But still, when talking about what a museum is, we mean first and foremost an institution for collecting, storing and subsequently showing valuable exhibits to the public.

In Europe

Since the 18th century, public displays have been an integral part of the life of many countries. The first museum "to show" - British in London (1753). In those days for his visit it was necessary to register in writing! In France, the Louvre (1793) was the first public institution for people who wanted to see the exhibits exhibited in flasks, which could not be touched, as, indeed, now.

The most famous

1. The Louvre. It is located in France. It is one of the most visited museums in the world, the third in size. Located on the banks of the Seine (right), in the heart of Paris. It is a French national museum. The most famous masterpieces stored there are: "Mona Lisa" (painting of the great da Vinci), "Venus de Milo", "Nika Samothrace" (Ancient Greek sculptures).

2. The Metropolitan. To understand what an exposition is in the museum - a real, magnificent - you need to visit this museum, located in New York. It is located in the park on Fifth Avenue. It was founded by a group of enthusiasts in 1870. Among the famous greatest exhibits exhibited there are artifacts of Egypt, statuettes of Africa and the East, paintings by Monet and Leonardo.

3. The Hermitage. It is located in Russia and has a huge collection of exhibits, numbering up to three million works, monuments of culture. This is a sculpture, and painting, and objects of applied art, and a gallery of jewelry (storerooms Gold and Diamond). In general, in order to understand what a museum is, you must, at least once in your life, visit the Hermitage!

The so-called "museums for adults" are best known Egyptian, British, Vatican Museum, National Gallery and some others.

What is a museum for children?

And among the most interesting children's institutions of this kind, the first place, perhaps, is the Toy Museum of Steyger, which is located in the Czech Republic. It contains a unique collection for children that has been collected for many years. Here, and old Christmas decorations, and tin soldiers, and toys more modern. This institution fully corresponds to its task - the education of the younger generation through the study of history.

More on the children's theme: the museum of Charles Perrault in France, where the children are met by figures of fairy-tale characters from wax; The Astrid Lindgren Museum in Sweden, as well as the Moomin-Troll Museum and the Magic Museum in England. All of them are beautiful in their own way, but there is something in common: the children do not want to leave from there!

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 en.birmiss.com. Theme powered by WordPress.