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What is a dam - we understand together

Let's talk about what a dam is, and also about the practical application of this structure.

What it is

Under the dam is meant an artificial elevation in the form of a shaft, which is constructed of earth, stones. It can also be built from auxiliary materials. Let's get acquainted with the concept of "dam".

The meaning of the word in different dictionaries is the same. We are talking about the elevations that are built in the marshes, lowlands, the channels of large rivers, along the sea coast. The main purpose of such a facility is to conduct hydrotechnical works, construct road and railroads over the water.

Features

So what is a dam now? First of all, this protective structure, which protects the road from possible flooding with water. In order for it to perform the function assigned to it, in full, the dam should rise above the surface of the water not less than one meter. There are certain requirements and the width of the erected protective strip.

So, for roads and railways, it should be wider than the road itself, and for marine dykes the width depends on the stability of the ground. In addition, the kind of material used for construction is taken into account.

Specificity of creation

How is the dam built? What does its steepness mean? Depending on the purpose, when creating such protective strips, choose a different angle of inclination. For roads and railways, choose a soil that does not absorb water.

In general, sand materials are used, clay is not used for dams. Earth slopes can be a single or one-and-a-half slope, the width is calculated from one meter per meter of height.

To increase the strength of the structure, after 2-8 meters in high slopes make benches in the form of horizontal platforms (berms), increasing the stability of the created structure.

Answering the question what is a dam, we note that it assumes the arrangement of sandy soil in layers. After laying one layer, the earth must be compacted, only after this work on the creation of a protective strip continues.

In those cases where the soil used to fill the dam is not suitable for sowing, the slopes are torn or covered with a layer of earth of 15-20 centimeters and are planted with vegetation. River dams are planted with willow bushes to fix the surface.

Those slopes that are exposed to a constant head of water or waves, additionally strengthen the stone to the level of high waters. According to new technologies, the slopes of the dams towards the water make it more gently sloping compared to the mountainous species.

In order to strengthen the erected structure, stakes are used, which are slaughtered in rows, as well as fences made of brushwood.

When erecting a dam in a swampy terrain, first a deep ditch is excavated in the soil, it is compacted with clay and only on the basis obtained, all subsequent construction work is performed.

Conclusion

In search of an answer to the question, what is a dam, we managed to find out the purpose of this structure. Without such bulk strips, one could not connect, for example, St. Petersburg and Kronstadt.

Of course, the cost of such construction works is estimated in billions of rubles, as well as huge time costs, but the result, which as a result can be obtained, fully pays all incurred costs.

Before starting to erect a dam, a huge number of specialists work on the project. Detailed studies of the soil are carried out, the feasibility and the possibility of creating a dam are analyzed. Then calculations are carried out on the number of necessary embankments, materials for construction are selected, and only after that the approved project is implemented into reality.

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